Intro to OB

Question 1

What is fundal height?

Answer 1

Maternal pubic symphysis to fundal uterus to assess fetal growth

Question 2

What is gestation age?

Answer 2

length of time from conception to birth

Question 3

What is menstrual age?

Answer 3

first day of LNMP, conception + 14 days

Question 4

What is embryologic age?

Answer 4

time from fertilization, usually within 1 day of ovulation

Question 5

What produces hCG?

Answer 5

embryologic trophoblastic cells

Question 6

What is primagravida?

Answer 6

first pregnancy

Question 7

What is primiparous?

Answer 7

given birth once

Question 8

What is cervical effacement?

Answer 8

thinning and spreading of cvx

Question 9

What is threatened abortion? What are the symptoms? When does it happen?

Answer 9

Future of pregnancy is jeopardized
- closed cvx
- slight bleeding/cramping
<20 weeks

Question 10

What percentage of threatened abortion ends in spontaneous abortion?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

What is inevitable abortion? What are the symptoms?

Answer 11

Spontaneous abortion occurs with 2 or more clinical symptoms
- moderate effacement of cvx
- cvx dilation >3 cm
- ruptured membranes
- bleeding >7 days
- persistent cramping

Question 12

What is the sono app of inevitable abortion?

Answer 12

• GS in cervix or LUS
• cervical dilation
• sonolucent crescent surrounding GS

Question 13

What is incomplete abortion? What are the symptoms?

Answer 13

Partial evacuation of products of conception, slow fall or plateau of hCG
- persistent heavy bleeding
- cramping

Question 14

What is the sono app of incomplete abortion?

Answer 14

• complex collection in endo cavity
• hypervascular peripheral endo up to 5 days due to trophoblastic tissue

Question 15

What is missed abortion? Symptoms?

Answer 15

• embryo w/o cardiac activity, retained for months following demise
• discrepancy b/w hCG levels & dates
• brown discharge
• loss of pregnancy symptoms

Question 16

What is the sono app of missed abortion?

Answer 16

• decreased ut size
• GS w or w/o embryo
• no cardiac activity
• acoustic shadowing in endo
• fetal/ut size small for dates

Question 17

When is missed abortion MC?

Answer 17

2nd trimester

Question 18

What is complete abortion? Symptoms?

Answer 18

• evacuation of all products of conception
• rapid decline in hCG
• vaginal bleeding w/ clots
• cramping
• cessation of pain/bleeding/preg symptoms after passing conceptus

Question 19

What is the sono app of complete abortion?

Answer 19

• clean endo
• empty ut
• endo echoes
• hypervascular peripheral endo up to 3 days due to trophoblastic tissue

Question 20

What is recurrent spontaneous abortion? When is it MC?

Answer 20

2 or 3 consecutive abortions, <20 weeks, hx of ab, common

Question 21

What is Naegele’s rule?

Answer 21

EDD = LMP- 3 mo + 7 days
LMP = EDD - 3 mo + 7 days

Question 22

What are maternal risk factors?

Answer 22

• AMA
• maternal disease ex. DM, lupus
• chromosomal abnormalities
• hypo/hypertension
• hypertrophic/atrophic ut size
• medications
• fibroids, ut variations

Question 23

What is the MC uterine variant and what is the result?

Answer 23

septate uterus, early pregnancy loss

Question 24

What uterine variant causes infertility?

Answer 24

unicornuate

Question 25

Why do we use M mode for fetal heart?

Answer 25

Time average acoustic intensity is lower than doppler

Question 26

What is PW used for?

Answer 26

When clinically necessary for:
- mat vessels
- fetal vessels ex. umb art/vein, ao/ivc, renal arts, cerebral vessels
- fetal ductus venosus
- placenta

Question 27

What are quantitative vs qualitative hCG levels?

Answer 27

Qualitative- urine test (pos or neg)
Quantitative- blood test (num value)