Intro to OB Flashcards
What is fundal height?
Maternal pubic symphysis to fundal uterus to assess fetal growth
What is gestation age?
length of time from conception to birth
What is menstrual age?
first day of LNMP, conception + 14 days
What is embryologic age?
time from fertilization, usually within 1 day of ovulation
What produces hCG?
embryologic trophoblastic cells
What is primagravida?
first pregnancy
What is primiparous?
given birth once
What is cervical effacement?
thinning and spreading of cvx
What is threatened abortion? What are the symptoms? When does it happen?
Future of pregnancy is jeopardized
- closed cvx
- slight bleeding/cramping
<20 weeks
What percentage of threatened abortion ends in spontaneous abortion?
50%
What is inevitable abortion? What are the symptoms?
Spontaneous abortion occurs with 2 or more clinical symptoms
- moderate effacement of cvx
- cvx dilation >3 cm
- ruptured membranes
- bleeding >7 days
- persistent cramping
What is the sono app of inevitable abortion?
- GS in cervix or LUS
- cervical dilation
- sonolucent crescent surrounding GS
What is incomplete abortion? What are the symptoms?
Partial evacuation of products of conception, slow fall or plateau of hCG
- persistent heavy bleeding
- cramping
What is the sono app of incomplete abortion?
- complex collection in endo cavity
- hypervascular peripheral endo up to 5 days due to trophoblastic tissue
What is missed abortion? Symptoms?
- embryo w/o cardiac activity, retained for months following demise
- discrepancy b/w hCG levels & dates
- brown discharge
- loss of pregnancy symptoms
What is the sono app of missed abortion?
- decreased ut size
- GS w or w/o embryo
- no cardiac activity
- acoustic shadowing in endo
- fetal/ut size small for dates
When is missed abortion MC?
2nd trimester
What is complete abortion? Symptoms?
- evacuation of all products of conception
- rapid decline in hCG
- vaginal bleeding w/ clots
- cramping
- cessation of pain/bleeding/preg symptoms after passing conceptus
What is the sono app of complete abortion?
- clean endo
- empty ut
- endo echoes
- hypervascular peripheral endo up to 3 days due to trophoblastic tissue
What is recurrent spontaneous abortion? When is it MC?
2 or 3 consecutive abortions, <20 weeks, hx of ab, common
What is Naegele’s rule?
EDD = LMP- 3 mo + 7 days
LMP = EDD - 3 mo + 7 days
What are maternal risk factors?
- AMA
- maternal disease ex. DM, lupus
- chromosomal abnormalities
- hypo/hypertension
- hypertrophic/atrophic ut size
- medications
- fibroids, ut variations
What is the MC uterine variant and what is the result?
septate uterus, early pregnancy loss
What uterine variant causes infertility?
unicornuate
Why do we use M mode for fetal heart?
Time average acoustic intensity is lower than doppler
What is PW used for?
When clinically necessary for:
- mat vessels
- fetal vessels ex. umb art/vein, ao/ivc, renal arts, cerebral vessels
- fetal ductus venosus
- placenta
What are quantitative vs qualitative hCG levels?
Qualitative- urine test (pos or neg)
Quantitative- blood test (num value)
