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OB > First Trimester Complications > Flashcards

First Trimester Complications Flashcards

1
Q

What causes subchorionic hemorrhage?

A

implantation

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2
Q

Where is subchorionic hemorrhage located?

A

Between myometrium & gestational sac

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3
Q

What can excessive hemorrhage cause?

A

spontaneous abortion

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4
Q

What is the MC occurrence of first trimester bleeding?

A

subchorionic hemorrhage

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5
Q

What is the difference in US appearance of new and old subchorionic hemorrhage?

A

New = echogenic, old = anechoic
Both: subchorionic lucency

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6
Q

What is ectopic pregnancy?

A

Implantation of conceptus outside endometrial cavity

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7
Q

Where can an ectopic pregnancy be located?

A
  • uterine
  • heterotopic
  • cervical
  • ovarian
  • adnexal (isthmic, ampullary 90%, fimbrial, interstitial)
  • abdominal
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8
Q

What is a heterotopic pregnancy?

A

IUP & ectopic simultaneously

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9
Q

Who is MC affected by a heterotopic pregnancy?

A

IVF patients

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10
Q

What are clinical symptoms of heterotopic pregnancy?

A
  • palp adnexal mass
  • pelvic pain/bleeding
  • leukocytosis/fever
  • intraperitoneal hemorrhage
  • abnormal rising hCG
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11
Q

What is the sono app of heterotopic pregnancy?

A
  • intrauterine gest sac with extrauterine gest sac
  • yolk sac usually identified
  • FF
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12
Q

What is an anembryonic gestation?

A
  • AKA blighted ovum
  • gest sac in endo cavity
  • embryo failed to develop
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13
Q

What are clinical signs of anembryonic gestation?

A
  • variable hCG
  • small ut size for dates
  • brown vaginal spotting
  • closed cvx
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14
Q

What are sono app of anembryonic gestation?

A
  • large, empty gest sac
  • absence of double sac sign, embryo, YS
  • empty amnion
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15
Q

What is embryonic oligohydramnios? Cause?

A
  • deficient volume of amniotic fluid
  • caused by maternal disorders
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16
Q

What are clinical signs of embryonic oligohydramnios?

A
  • decreased fetal movements
  • decreased uterine size
17
Q

What is the sono app of embryonic oligohydramnios?

A

GS small in comparison to CRL
Serial US to monitor growth

18
Q

What is gestational trophoblastic neoplasia?

A

Excessive proliferation of trophoblastic tissue
During or shortly after implantation
Can occur months or years after any form of pregnancy

19
Q

What are gestational trophoblastic neoplasia symptoms?

A
  • hyperemesis gravidarum
  • extremely elevated hCG
  • rapid enlargement of uterus
20
Q

What is partial hydatidiform mole?

A
  • normal egg is fertilized by 2 sperm
  • fetus develops but abnormal trophoblastic proliferation
21
Q

What is complete hydatidiform mole?

A
  • abnormal egg is fertilized by 1 normal sperm
  • fetus doesn’t develop but trophoblastic tissue continues
22
Q

What is the MC form of GTD?

A

complete hydatidiform mole

23
Q

Who is complete mole MC in?

A

women under 20 and over 40

24
Q

What are people who experience complete hydatidiform mole commonly deficient in?

A

typically protein and folic acid deficient

25
Q

What are clinical signs of hydatidiform mole?

A
  • hyperemesis gravidarum
  • rapid enlargement of uterus
  • bleeding in first tri
  • expulsion of vesicles
  • preeclampsia
  • hyperthyroidism
26
Q

What is the sono app of partial hydatidiform mole?

A
  • snowstorm
  • deformed GS
  • growth restricted fetus w/ triploidy anomalies
  • increased placenta size
  • similar app. to incomplete
27
Q

What is the sono app of complete hydatidiform mole?

A
  • snowstorm
  • echogenic, homogeneous or mixed filled endo cavity
  • theca lutein cysts
  • adj. fluid collections
  • increased ut size
  • hypervasc
28
Q

What is choriocarcinoma?

A
  • Tumor comprised of mixed trophoblastic cells
  • Vascular invasion, hemorrhage, necrosis
  • Very rare, 1:40 molar pregnancies
29
Q

What are the clinical signs of choriocarcinoma?

A
  • enlarged uterus
  • elevated hCG in non gravid patient
30
Q

What is the sono app of choriocarcinoma?

A
  • irregular complex mass
  • vascularity
31
Q
A

OB (6 decks)

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