Intro to Neurology Flashcards
Where is the lesion?
Aphasia, right hemiparesis
Left cerebral hemisphere
Focal dysfunction of cerebral cortex of non-dominant /dominant hemisphere causes ____
decreased cognition despite normal consciousness
Diffuse brain dysfunction
Focal dysfunction of cerebral cortex
Focal cerebral lesion/secondary brainstem involvement
All 3 of these case ____
decreased consciousness
Multifocal or diffuse process primarily affecting cerebral cortex causes ____
Dementia
Prominent impairment in memory
Aphasia =
Location:
Disorder of language
dominant cerebral hemisphere
Acalculia
Location:
Disorder of mathematics
Left hemisphere for R sided dominant
Apraxia =
Disorder of skilled motor acts
Amnesia =
Disorder of memory
Neglect =
Disorder of recognition/attention to one side
Anosognosia =
Lack of knowledge of illness
Asomatognosia =
Lack of knowledge of body part
Which of the following is NOT a component of aphasia?
A. Aural comprehension, oral production
B. Reading, writing
C. Fluency, naming, repetition, understanding
D. Production of spoken language
D. This is dysarthria
Dysarthria can be caused by wide variety of lesions: brainstem, muscle diseases
Ataxia points to what type of neurological disorders?
Cerebellum
Vestibular
Sensory loss
Hemiparetic points to what type of neurological disorders?
Corticospinal
Steppage =
Distal leg weakness
Waddling =
Proximal leg weakness
Which of the following does NOT involve the upper motor neuron? A. Corticospinal system B. Brain C. Dorsal Root Ganglion D. Brainstem E. Spinal cord
C
Which of the following is not caused by upper motor neuron disorder? A. Weakness B. Hyperreflexia C. Spasticity D. Flaccidity E. Babinski sign
D
Which of the following TWO do NOT involve the lower motor neuron? A. Spinal cord B. Spinal Root C. Brainstem D. Spinal Nerve E. Corticospinal system
C, E
Which of the following is not caused by lower motor neuron disorder? A. Weakness B. Hyporeflexia C. Spasticity D. Atrophy E. Fasciculation
C. Flaccidity not spasticity
Quadriparesis involves what locations?
Upper spinal cord
Brain stem
Bilateral cerebral hemispheres
T/F: Facial involvement is usually seen in brain lesions.
True
Paraparesis is caused by:
spinal cord lesions
Hemiparesis caused by:
Brain stem lesions
Cerebral hemisphere lesions
T/F: Hemiparesis involves the ipsilateral site of lesion
False.
Contralateral
Sensory loss caused by:
Peripheral nerve lesions
Spinal cord lesions
Brainstem lesions
Coordinations associated with ____
cerebellar lesions
Lesions in BOTH dominant and non-dominant cerebral cortex cause all except which?
A. Contralateral hemiparesis (UMN)
B. Ipsilateral hemi-sensory loss
C. Contralateral visual field loss (homonymous hemianopia)
D. Miild dysarthria
B. Contralateral hemi-sensory loss
Aphasia, aparaxia, acalculia, alexia are specific to what kind of lesion?
Dominant cerebral cortex
Neglect, anosognosia, asomatognsia, aprosody are specific to what kind of lesion?
Non-dominant cerebral cortex
anosognosia = lack of awareness asomatognsia = lack of awareness of all/part of the body aprosody = lack of variations in normal speech characteristics
All of the following are signs of deep cerebral hemisphere (basal ganglia, internal capsule, thalamus) EXCEPT: A. Contralateral hemiparesis (UMN) B. Contralateral hemi-sensory loss C. Aphasia D. Dysarthria
C.
Most common sign of thalamic lesions
Contralateral sensory loss w/ or w/o weakenss
Abnormal ocular motility
Disturbed consciousness/sleep-wake cycle
Behavioral or cognitive impairments
These are all signs of ____ lesion.
Thalamic
CN lesions are (ipsilateral/contralateral).
Ipsilateral
Cause sensory/motor loss on affected side
T/F: Midbrain lesions are more common than medullary or pontine lesions.
False
Which of the following is NOT a sign of midbrain lesions?
A. 3, 4 nerve palsies, internuclear ophthalmoplegia
B. Contralateral hemiparesis, sensory loss
C. Disturbed sleep-wake cycle, impaired consciousness
D. Vertical gaze palsies
E. Diplopia
E. Diplopia is sign of pontine lesions
Which of the following are signs of unilateral involvement of pontine lesions? A. Contralateral 5, 6, 7 gaze palsy B. Ipsilateral sensory, motor signs C. Ipsilateral cerebellar signs D. Coma
C
A. Ipsilateral
B. Contralateral
D. Caused by bilateral involvement
Which of the following is NOT a sign of bilateral involvement of pontine lesions? A. Coma B. Quadriparesis C. Facial weakness D. Sensory loss E. Locked in syndrome F. Small pupils G. Abnormal lateral eye movements
D. Sign of unilateral involvement
Which of the following is NOT a sign of a medullary lesion?
A. Ipsilateral ataxia, nystagmus, Horner syndrome
B. Contralateral facial sensory loss/contralateral limb sensory
C. Ipsilateral 12 and contralateral hemiparesis
B. Ipsilateral
Medullary signs are usually unilateral.
Lesion to cerebellar floccular-nodular causes:
Visual, vestibular symptoms
Lesion of cerebellar vermis/ para-vermian causes:
Truncal and midlne symptoms
Truncal/gait ataxia, dysarthria
Lesion to cerebellar hemisphere causes:
Corticospinal, upper extremity signs
Dysmetria, dyssynergia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia
What kind of lesion?
Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, dysarthria, limb incoordination, trouble walking, drunk
Cerebellar lesion
