Intro to Neurology

Question 1

Where is the lesion?

Aphasia, right hemiparesis

Answer 1

Left cerebral hemisphere

Question 2

Focal dysfunction of cerebral cortex of non-dominant /dominant hemisphere causes ____

Answer 2

decreased cognition despite normal consciousness

Question 3

Diffuse brain dysfunction
Focal dysfunction of cerebral cortex
Focal cerebral lesion/secondary brainstem involvement
All 3 of these case ____

Answer 3

decreased consciousness

Question 4

Multifocal or diffuse process primarily affecting cerebral cortex causes ____

Answer 4

Dementia

Prominent impairment in memory

Question 5

Aphasia =

Location:

Answer 5

Disorder of language

dominant cerebral hemisphere

Question 6

Acalculia

Location:

Answer 6

Disorder of mathematics

Left hemisphere for R sided dominant

Question 7

Apraxia =

Answer 7

Disorder of skilled motor acts

Question 8

Amnesia =

Answer 8

Disorder of memory

Question 9

Neglect =

Answer 9

Disorder of recognition/attention to one side

Question 10

Anosognosia =

Answer 10

Lack of knowledge of illness

Question 11

Asomatognosia =

Answer 11

Lack of knowledge of body part

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of aphasia?
A. Aural comprehension, oral production
B. Reading, writing
C. Fluency, naming, repetition, understanding
D. Production of spoken language

Answer 12

D. This is dysarthria

Dysarthria can be caused by wide variety of lesions: brainstem, muscle diseases

Question 13

Ataxia points to what type of neurological disorders?

Answer 13

Cerebellum
Vestibular
Sensory loss

Question 14

Hemiparetic points to what type of neurological disorders?

Answer 14

Corticospinal

Question 15

Steppage =

Answer 15

Distal leg weakness

Question 16

Waddling =

Answer 16

Proximal leg weakness

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT involve the upper motor neuron?
A. Corticospinal system
B. Brain
C. Dorsal Root Ganglion
D. Brainstem
E. Spinal cord

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Which of the following is not caused by upper motor neuron disorder?
A. Weakness
B. Hyperreflexia
C. Spasticity
D. Flaccidity
E. Babinski sign

Answer 18

D

Question 19

Which of the following TWO do NOT involve the lower motor neuron?
A. Spinal cord
B. Spinal Root
C. Brainstem
D. Spinal Nerve 
E. Corticospinal system

Answer 19

C, E

Question 20

Which of the following is not caused by lower motor neuron disorder?
A. Weakness
B. Hyporeflexia
C. Spasticity
D. Atrophy
E. Fasciculation

Answer 20

C. Flaccidity not spasticity

Question 21

Quadriparesis involves what locations?

Answer 21

Upper spinal cord
Brain stem
Bilateral cerebral hemispheres

Question 22

T/F: Facial involvement is usually seen in brain lesions.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Paraparesis is caused by:

Answer 23

spinal cord lesions

Question 24

Hemiparesis caused by:

Answer 24

Brain stem lesions

Cerebral hemisphere lesions

Question 25

T/F: Hemiparesis involves the ipsilateral site of lesion

Answer 25

False. | Contralateral

Question 26

Sensory loss caused by:

Answer 26

Peripheral nerve lesions Spinal cord lesions Brainstem lesions

Question 27

Coordinations associated with ____

Answer 27

cerebellar lesions

Question 28

Lesions in BOTH dominant and non-dominant cerebral cortex cause all except which? A. Contralateral hemiparesis (UMN) B. Ipsilateral hemi-sensory loss C. Contralateral visual field loss (homonymous hemianopia) D. Miild dysarthria

Answer 28

B. Contralateral hemi-sensory loss

Question 29

Aphasia, aparaxia, acalculia, alexia are specific to what kind of lesion?

Answer 29

Dominant cerebral cortex

Question 30

Neglect, anosognosia, asomatognsia, aprosody are specific to what kind of lesion?

Answer 30

Non-dominant cerebral cortex ``` anosognosia = lack of awareness asomatognsia = lack of awareness of all/part of the body aprosody = lack of variations in normal speech characteristics ```

Question 31

``` All of the following are signs of deep cerebral hemisphere (basal ganglia, internal capsule, thalamus) EXCEPT: A. Contralateral hemiparesis (UMN) B. Contralateral hemi-sensory loss C. Aphasia D. Dysarthria ```

Answer 31

C.

Question 32

Most common sign of thalamic lesions

Answer 32

Contralateral sensory loss w/ or w/o weakenss

Question 33

Abnormal ocular motility Disturbed consciousness/sleep-wake cycle Behavioral or cognitive impairments These are all signs of ____ lesion.

Answer 33

Thalamic

Question 34

CN lesions are (ipsilateral/contralateral).

Answer 34

Ipsilateral | Cause sensory/motor loss on affected side

Question 35

T/F: Midbrain lesions are more common than medullary or pontine lesions.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a sign of midbrain lesions? A. 3, 4 nerve palsies, internuclear ophthalmoplegia B. Contralateral hemiparesis, sensory loss C. Disturbed sleep-wake cycle, impaired consciousness D. Vertical gaze palsies E. Diplopia

Answer 36

E. Diplopia is sign of pontine lesions

Question 37

``` Which of the following are signs of unilateral involvement of pontine lesions? A. Contralateral 5, 6, 7 gaze palsy B. Ipsilateral sensory, motor signs C. Ipsilateral cerebellar signs D. Coma ```

Answer 37

C A. Ipsilateral B. Contralateral D. Caused by bilateral involvement

Question 38

``` Which of the following is NOT a sign of bilateral involvement of pontine lesions? A. Coma B. Quadriparesis C. Facial weakness D. Sensory loss E. Locked in syndrome F. Small pupils G. Abnormal lateral eye movements ```

Answer 38

D. Sign of unilateral involvement

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a sign of a medullary lesion? A. Ipsilateral ataxia, nystagmus, Horner syndrome B. Contralateral facial sensory loss/contralateral limb sensory C. Ipsilateral 12 and contralateral hemiparesis

Answer 39

B. Ipsilateral Medullary signs are usually unilateral.

Question 40

Lesion to cerebellar floccular-nodular causes:

Answer 40

Visual, vestibular symptoms

Question 41

Lesion of cerebellar vermis/ para-vermian causes:

Answer 41

Truncal and midlne symptoms | Truncal/gait ataxia, dysarthria

Question 42

Lesion to cerebellar hemisphere causes:

Answer 42

Corticospinal, upper extremity signs | Dysmetria, dyssynergia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia

Question 43

What kind of lesion? | Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, dysarthria, limb incoordination, trouble walking, drunk

Answer 43

Cerebellar lesion