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MOHD4 Exam 4 Brain Stuff > Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke > Flashcards

Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Vulnerable neurons in ischemic/hypoxic encephalopathy (2)

A

Hippocampus

Purkinje cells in cerebellum

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2
Q

Non-hemorrhagic infarcts are usually due to ___

A

thrombus –> stable

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3
Q

Hemorrhagic infarcts are usually due to ___

A

embolus –> breaks up –> reprofusion

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4
Q

Which of the following does NOT present in acute cerebral infarction?
A. Red nuerons
B. Spheroid bodies
C. Vascular proliferation at border b/w necrotic and viable tissue
D. Intense neutrophilic response

A

D. Neutrophils will melt neurons

A. Coagulation necrosis
B. Axonal degeneration

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5
Q

Subacute cerebral infarct present with (2)

A
  • Foamy macrophages: full of lipids of necrotic neurons

* Reactive gliosis (gemistocytes): proliferation of astrocytes that participate as part of response to injury

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6
Q

Remote cerebral infarct present with (2)

A

Cyst formation

Glial scarring

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7
Q

T/F: Premature infants with perinatal asphyxia present with periventricular leukomalacia and multicystic encephalopathy.

A

False: Term infants present this way.

Periventricular leukomalacia = meltdown of white matter adjacent to ventricles

Premature infants present with germinal matrix hemorrhage that causes intraventricular hemorrhage.

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8
Q

Most common sites of hypertensive hemorrhage

A

Basal ganglia-thalamus
Pons
Cerebellum

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9
Q

Saccular Aneurysm arise where?

A

At branch points
o Anterior cerebral artery/anterior communicating artery
o Trifurcation of middle cerebral artery
o Internal carotids/posterior communicating arteries
o Posterior circulation: basilar arteries/vertebral arteries

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10
Q

T/F: Amyloid angiopathy hemorrhage involves deep gray structures.

A

False. Involves primarily white matter, spares adjacent deep gray structure.

Vs. spontaneous hypertensive hemorrhage

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11
Q

T/F: Ischemic strokes mostly involve arterials.

A

True: 80% arterials

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12
Q

T/F: Hemorrhagic stroke loses 2 million neurons/minute

A

False. Ischemic stroke

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13
Q

Causes of atherothrombotic ischemic stroke is occurs in which vessels? (3)

A

Internal carotids
Vertebrals
Basilar artery

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14
Q

Causes of lacunar ischemic stroke is occurs in which vessels? (4)

A

Perforating arteries of ACA, MCA, PCA, basilar vertebral arteries

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15
Q

Most common cardiac condition that causes cardioembolism?

A

Arterial fibrillation

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16
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
o Behavior change
o Leg weakness

A

Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

Frontal lobe

17
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
o Lack of awareness of problem = anosognosia

A

Right medial cerebral artery

Posterior frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe

18
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
Left gaze deviation

A

Left medial cerebral artery

Posterior frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe

19
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
o Left neglect
o Left sided weakness

A

Right medial cerebral artery

Posterior frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe

20
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?Quadrantanopsia or hemianopsia

A

Both right and left medial cerebral artery

21
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
Aphasia

A

Left medial cerebral artery

22
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
Right gaze deviation

A

Right medial cerebral artery

Posterior frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe

23
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
Hemi-visual field loss = homonymous hemianopsia

A

Posterior cerebral artery

Occipital lobe

24
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
Lateral medulla syndrome:
Hemiataxia (incoordination)
Vertigo from nystagmus
Ipsilateral facial, contralateral body symptoms

A

Vertebral artery

25
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
Medial medulla: Locked-In Syndrome

A

Anterior spinal artery

26
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
Unilateral incoordination

A

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)

27
Q

Name the artery responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
Coma or locked-in syndrome

A

Basilar artery

Pons, midbrain

28
Q

Name the arteries (2) responsible for the following symptoms in the ischemic stroke?
Unilateral incoordination/vertigo (nystagmus)

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)

29
Q 
Wallenberg syndrome presents with all the following EXCEPT:
A. Vertigo
B. Contralateral facial numbness
C. Ipsilateral incoordination
D. Ipsilateral Horner's 
E. Contralateral body numbness
A

B. Ipsilateral facial numbness

30
Q

Pure motor weakness is caused by which vessels (2)?

A 
Lenticulostriates: MCA perforates (Posterior limb internal capsule)
Basilar perforates (Pons)
31
Q

Pure sensory weakness is caused by what vessel?

A

Thalamogeniculates: PCA perforators (Lateral thalamus)

32
Q 
Which of the following is TRUE of hemorrhagic stroke symptoms?
A. Contralateral weakness
B. Contralateral loss of vision
C. Headache
D. No impairment of consciousness
A

C

A. Ipsilateral weakness
B. Ipsilateral loss of vision
D. Reduced consciousness –> coma

33
Q

Cause of subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Aneurysm rupture

34
Q

Cause of intraventricular hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Vessel malformation

35
Q

Cause of intraparenchymal hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Hypertension
Vessel malformation
Coagulopathies
Infection/tumor/drugs

36
Q

Pinpoint pupils suggests ____

A

Pontine hemorrhage

37
Q

Vertigo suggests ____ hemorrhage

A

cerebellar

MOHD4 Exam 4 Brain Stuff (11 decks)

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