Intro to Neuro part 2 Flashcards
What encases the CNS
Brain: cranium and meninges
Spinal cord: Bony casing/vertebral column and meninges
Foramen mangum
*Largest hole in the skull
*where the spinal cord meets the medulla
*houses the transition between the brainstem and cervical and spinal cord, aka the cervicomedullary junction
Fossa
- Cranial cavities in the base of the
skull created by ridges of bone; protects the brain
Anterior Fossa
houses frontal lobe
Middle Fossa
houses the temporal lobes
Posterior Fossa
houses the parietal and occipital lobes as well
as the cerebellum and brainstem structures.
Cervicomedullary junction
*marks the transition between the brainstem and cervical and spinal cord
Tentorium cerebelli
tent like dura that covers upper surface of cerebellum
Falx cerebri
sheet of dura suspended from the roof of the cranium and separates the R/L hemispheres
The three meningeal layers
3 layers:
*Dura mater (outer/tough layer that surrounds the brain/spinal cord and inner/meningeal dura)
*Arachnoid Mater (thinner middle layer bridges over sulk like a web and is filled with CSF
*Pia Mater (thin innermost layer that adheres closely to surface of the brain and all blood vessels run along it like plastic wrap)
the organization the ventricular system and location of its components parts
ventricles are hollow cavities in the CNS
-2 lateral ventricles (one in each hemisphere_
-1 third (skinny)
-1 fourth (booty)
the functions of cerebrospinal fluid and its circulation
circulates fluid within the ventricular system
*keeps brain tissue buoyant
*delivers nutrients and removes cellular waste
*if there is damage the CSF will react and lower to reduce pressure/damage
*flows between the cranium and spine to compensate for changes in blood volume within the brain
where cerebrospinal fluid is produced
*produced by the choroid plexus.
meningitis
Bacterial: bacteria found in subarachnoid space; patient become ill with fever confusion, stuff neck; antibiotics
Viral: patients become ill over a period of days; headache, confusion, fever; recover over 1-2 weeks
meningiomas
*arrive from arachnoid
*grow slowly and compresses the brain like a tumor
*treatment is surgical removal or radiotherapy
closed head trauma
TBI
*nothing penetrates the skill but there is trauma, ex hitting a windshield
penetrating trauma
TBI
ex gun shot
concussion
change in mental state caused by trauma
accompanied by confusion, memory loss, loss of consciousness
coup and contrecoup injury
Coup: when head is stopped suddenly and brain rushes forward (top)
Contre coup: injury when brain bounces off the primary surface and impacts the opposing side of skull (bottom)
diffuse axonal shear injury
axons are sheared during trauma and can result in damage
Intracranial hemorrhage
bleeding into cranium
hydrocephalus
excessive CSF in brain which causes increased pressure and compression on the brain
Symptoms: cognitive, headache, nausea, vomitting
key treatments: surgical placement of shunt to suck out liquid
why coup and contrecoup injuries and/or diffuse axonal shear injuries
potentially result in multiple impairments
Meningeal Spaces
- Epidural Space (potential between skull/dura and arteries move through here)
*Subdural Space (potential space between inner dura layer and arachnoid and veins run through)
*Subarachnoid Space (real space between arachnoid and Pia and is filled with CSF+major cerebral arteries/veins)
