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Neuroscience > INTRO TO NEURO > Flashcards

INTRO TO NEURO Flashcards

1
Q

What is the neuron doctrine

A

The brain is composed of independent cells, but is connected by synapses

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2
Q

What happened to trey

A

The trauma to his head ended up causing his head to fill up with water (EDMA)

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3
Q

What is a unipolar neuron

A

one pole- reliable information-basically the fast toll on the highway

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4
Q

What is a bipolar neuron

A

two poles-usually sensory

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5
Q

what is a multipolar neuron

A

lots of poles- most common- slow but crucial in transmitting info through the body

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6
Q

What is the input zone

A

neurons collect info from the external environment(light, sound, touch)

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7
Q

What is the integration zone

A

decides what gets through

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8
Q

what is the conduction zone

A

portal info gets transmitted through

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9
Q

what is the output zone

A

makes a connection to the intended neuron

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10
Q

what are two types of brain cells

A

neurons and glial cells
(neurons are like the reality stars and glia is like the camera crew/helpers)

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11
Q

what are sensory neurons

A

neurons that respond to environment

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12
Q

What are motorneurons

A

how we move- contact muscles

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13
Q

what are interneurons

A

receive input and decide what to do with it( main type of neuron)

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14
Q

what do glial cells support

A

the brain

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15
Q

what are the four types of glial cells

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia

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16
Q

what are astrocytes

A

like a mother- keeps you grounded, cleans up, supports you, and link between the BLOOD- BRAIN BARRier

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17
Q

What is a oligodendrocyte

A

They wrap axons with myelin sheaths

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18
Q

What are nodes of Ranvier

A

gaps between the myelin that are essential to the cell

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19
Q

what is multiple sclerosis

A

immune system makes a mistake and attacks the myelin

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20
Q

What is microglia

A

cleans up trash, and kills some cells

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21
Q

What are ependymal cells

A

makes spinal fluid-sucks in and spits out spinal fluid

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22
Q

what do dendritic spines do?

A

they change and grow when we learn something-increasing surface area

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23
Q

neural plasticity

A

grows by experience

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24
Q

What is apart of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic activation and parasympathetic activation

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25
Q

the autonomic nervous systems are in constant what

A

war between each other

26
Q

what does parasympathetic activation do

A

rests

27
Q

what does sympathetic activation do

A

prepares for action-fight or flight

28
Q

horizontal plane

A

top to bottom

29
Q

sagittal plane

A

side to side

30
Q

coronal plane

A

front to back

31
Q

what is white matter

A

composed of axon bundles-white because of myelin sheaths

32
Q

What is gray matter

A

clusters of cell bodies

33
Q

what does basal ganglia do

A

movement control

34
Q

limbic system?

A

emotional memory, regulation

35
Q

cerebellum?

A

motor coordination and learning

36
Q

what does reticular formation do

A

keeps us awake

37
Q

what is a coma

A

damage to reticular formation

38
Q

what are meninges?

A

brain wrapping

39
Q

what is the dura

A

tough, hard layer, simple protection

40
Q

what is pia mater

A

soft part

41
Q

what is the arachnoid membrane

A

the in between- like bubble wrap

42
Q

what makes CSF

A

cerebral ventricles

43
Q

What does csf do

A

surround and cushions the brain—its produced in brain, circulates and then exits

44
Q

what is hydrocephalus

A

csf doesnt circulate so it is stuck in the brain

45
Q

how many layers does cerebral cortex have

A

6 distinct layers

46
Q

What so white matter tracts do

A

connect brain areas

47
Q

what is the soma

A

cell body

48
Q

What is RERs function

A

protein sythesis

49
Q

WHat does SER

A

regulates cytoplasm

50
Q

WHat is the neuron membrane/lipid bilayer

A

surround cell and separates cytoplasm from extracellular fluid- CHARGE SEPARATOR

51
Q

Intrinsic proteins

A

receptors, ion channels

52
Q

What are microtubules

A

rail tracks inside neurons

53
Q

What are neurofilaments

A

static support structures

54
Q

WHat is anterograde transport

A

matierals are moved from soma to terminals along microtubules using kinesin

55
Q

What is kinesin

A

protein, main delivery guy for axonal transport

56
Q

what is retrograde transport

A

soma to terminals along microtubules using dynein

57
Q

what is dynein

A

protein, back up guy for axonal transport

58
Q

MELAS

A

lack of energy

59
Q

the bigger the axon

A

the faster it works

60
Q

what does myelin do

A

speeds up transmission and saves energy

Neuroscience (12 decks)

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