INTRO TO NEURO Flashcards
What is the neuron doctrine
The brain is composed of independent cells, but is connected by synapses
What happened to trey
The trauma to his head ended up causing his head to fill up with water (EDMA)
What is a unipolar neuron
one pole- reliable information-basically the fast toll on the highway
What is a bipolar neuron
two poles-usually sensory
what is a multipolar neuron
lots of poles- most common- slow but crucial in transmitting info through the body
What is the input zone
neurons collect info from the external environment(light, sound, touch)
What is the integration zone
decides what gets through
what is the conduction zone
portal info gets transmitted through
what is the output zone
makes a connection to the intended neuron
what are two types of brain cells
neurons and glial cells
(neurons are like the reality stars and glia is like the camera crew/helpers)
what are sensory neurons
neurons that respond to environment
What are motorneurons
how we move- contact muscles
what are interneurons
receive input and decide what to do with it( main type of neuron)
what do glial cells support
the brain
what are the four types of glial cells
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia
what are astrocytes
like a mother- keeps you grounded, cleans up, supports you, and link between the BLOOD- BRAIN BARRier
What is a oligodendrocyte
They wrap axons with myelin sheaths
What are nodes of Ranvier
gaps between the myelin that are essential to the cell
what is multiple sclerosis
immune system makes a mistake and attacks the myelin
What is microglia
cleans up trash, and kills some cells
What are ependymal cells
makes spinal fluid-sucks in and spits out spinal fluid
what do dendritic spines do?
they change and grow when we learn something-increasing surface area
neural plasticity
grows by experience
What is apart of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic activation and parasympathetic activation
the autonomic nervous systems are in constant what
war between each other
what does parasympathetic activation do
rests
what does sympathetic activation do
prepares for action-fight or flight
horizontal plane
top to bottom
sagittal plane
side to side
coronal plane
front to back
what is white matter
composed of axon bundles-white because of myelin sheaths
What is gray matter
clusters of cell bodies
what does basal ganglia do
movement control
limbic system?
emotional memory, regulation
cerebellum?
motor coordination and learning
what does reticular formation do
keeps us awake
what is a coma
damage to reticular formation
what are meninges?
brain wrapping
what is the dura
tough, hard layer, simple protection
what is pia mater
soft part
what is the arachnoid membrane
the in between- like bubble wrap
what makes CSF
cerebral ventricles
What does csf do
surround and cushions the brain—its produced in brain, circulates and then exits
what is hydrocephalus
csf doesnt circulate so it is stuck in the brain
how many layers does cerebral cortex have
6 distinct layers
What so white matter tracts do
connect brain areas
what is the soma
cell body
What is RERs function
protein sythesis
WHat does SER
regulates cytoplasm
WHat is the neuron membrane/lipid bilayer
surround cell and separates cytoplasm from extracellular fluid- CHARGE SEPARATOR
Intrinsic proteins
receptors, ion channels
What are microtubules
rail tracks inside neurons
What are neurofilaments
static support structures
WHat is anterograde transport
matierals are moved from soma to terminals along microtubules using kinesin
What is kinesin
protein, main delivery guy for axonal transport
what is retrograde transport
soma to terminals along microtubules using dynein
what is dynein
protein, back up guy for axonal transport
MELAS
lack of energy
the bigger the axon
the faster it works
what does myelin do
speeds up transmission and saves energy
