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Intro to natural health products Flashcards

1
Q

6 types of NHPs

A 
vitamins and minerals 
herbal remedies
homeopathic meds
traditional meds
probiotics
other - amino acid
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2
Q

4 requirements for NHP

A

safe for consideration as OTC
availale for self care
available for self selection
doesnt require a prescription

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3
Q

describe a functional food

A

similar in appearance or may be a conventional food
consumed as part of usual diet
has a physiological benefit or provide protection against a chronic disease beyond basic nutritive funtion

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4
Q

how are functional foods regulated

A

as a food

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5
Q

what form is a nutraceutical

A

product isolated or purified from foods

sold in medicinal forms not associated with food

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6
Q

what does nutraceutical demonstrate

A

has a physiological benefit or provide protection against a chronic disease

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7
Q

how are nutraceuticals regulated

A

as a drug

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8
Q

predictors of NHP use

A 
race - caucasian 
non smokers
active
non perfect health
WOMEN 35-75 
use conventional OTCs
consult with a CAM practitioner
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9
Q

common conditions that use NHP

A 
fibromyalgia
inflammatory bowel disease
urinary incontinence
COPD 
arthritis
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10
Q

not predictors of NHP use

A

education

annual income

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11
Q

main five categories of NHP use

A 
medication use
CAM provder consultation 
vitamin/mineral use
demographic and lifesyles esp age 
health status and chronic conditions
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12
Q

which vitmains helps form RBC

A

folate
niacin
vit b12

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13
Q

which vitamins and minerals help with tissue formation

A

pantothenic acid
riboflavin
vit b6

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14
Q

what are herbs a subcategory of

A

botanical

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15
Q

explain tea/infusion

A

adding bioling water to fresh or dried botnaical and steeping
cold or hot
*only things that are water soluble

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16
Q

explain decoction

A

botanicals that need more forceful treatment to extract components ex. bark
simmered longer in boiling water than tea
hot or cold

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17
Q

explain tincture

A

soaking botanical in a solution of alcohol and water
concentrates botanical
sold in liquid form

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18
Q

explain extract

A

soaked with the goal of capturing specific components

more pure form just active ingredient….

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19
Q

whats an intrinsic adverse effect

A

arise from the herb itself

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20
Q

type a intrinsic reaction examples

A

predictable toxicity
overdose
drug interactions

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21
Q

type b intrinsic reaction examples

A

idiosyncratic
allergy
anaphylaxis

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22
Q

what is an extrinsic adverse effect

A

unrelated to the herb

due to a problem in commercial manufacture or extemperaneous compounding

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23
Q

examples of extrinsic adverse effects

A 
misidentification
lack of standardization
contamination
substituition 
adulteration
incorrect prep or doage
inappropriate labeling or advertising
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24
Q

what are the four different names for a herbal product

A
  1. common english
  2. transliterated name
  3. latinised pharmaceutical name
  4. scientific name (genus and species)
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25
how should you refer to plants to prevent misidentification
scientific genus and species
26
challenges in standardizing herbal meds
no obvious bioassay identified active ingredients often not identified even if identified dont know if crude herb or purified active are better chemical consistency doesnt always mean therapeutic consistency
27
example of prude vs purified
foxglove leaf --- digoxin | opium --- codiene
28
example of contamination
ayurvedic high levels of heavy metals
29
example of substitution
stephania tetrandra used for fever, pain, edema, weight loss substituted with aristolochia fangchi root thats nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic
30
examples of adulterants found in traditional chinese medicine
acetaminophine betamethoasone caffiene....
31
definition of probiotics
live microorganisms that when ingested in appropriate quantities have a beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of specific medical conditions by improving the hosts intestinal microbial balance
32
probiotic mechanism of action
colonization resistance - limit the potentially harmful bacteria in teh digestive tract supply enzymes or influence enzyme activity in the GI tract
33
probiotic criteria for use
``` indigenous to humans resistance to acidity and bile toxicity adhere to human intestinal cells colonize the human gut antagonism against pathogenic bacteria clinically proven health benefits history of safe use in humans ```
34
how do probiotics improve gut health
increase healthy bacteria | decrease the population of pathogenic microorganisms
35
how do probiotics decrease the risk of colon cancer
alter the metabolic activities of the intestinal flora alter the physiochemical conditions in the colon to discourage growth of procardinogenic microflora bind/degrade potential carcinogens enhance the hosts IR
36
how are do probiotics aid in immune modulation
lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidu augment humoral and cellular immunity intestinal mucosa contains most of the immune cells
37
safety issues
antibiotic resistance gene profile production of antibiotic modifiers pathogenic potential - free of virulent factors metabolic activites - no production of byproducts or enzymes that may adversely affect human phys
38
3 promising strains of probiotics
lactobacillus bifidobacterium enterococcus
39
efficacy considerations for probiotics
min daily dosing acid and bile stability intestinal mucosal adhesion properties viability through the product shelf life affected by light, heat, oxygen, moisture
40
how can you improve acid and bile stability
freeze dry enteric coating microencapsulation
41
dosing for health maintenance of intestinal microflora
depends on extent of microbial depletion and the presence of harmful bacteria 1-2billion CFU a day of lacidophilus or blactis
42
therapeutic dosing for probiotics
10-100billion CFU
43
what are the 2 essential fatty acids
linoleic acid - omega 6 | alpha-linolenic acid - omega 3
44
what are essential fatty acids used for
componenets of cell membranes that increase membrane fluidity - cell memrane function proper function of the brain and nervous system
45
benefits of omega 3
CV | hyperglycemia, depression, cancer, lupus, asthma, RA
46
what ratio of fatty acids is needed for benefit
LA 5: ALA 1
47
what happens in a diet that is high in LA (omega 6) like in the western diet
increase in arachidonic acid which increases LTB4, PGE2, TXA2 decreases EPA and DHA
48
sources of ALA
flax and canola oil flaxseed walnuts
49
source of EPA DHA
fatty fish
50
source of LA
vegetable and plant oils leafy veges seeds nuts
51
sources of GLA
evening primose oil
52
what are conditional amino acids
essential in times of illness or stress
53
what are the 3 branched chain amino acids
l-leucine l-isoleucine l-valine
54
what are the benefits of branched chain amino acids
increase carb bioavaiolability in muscles and prevent muscle breakdown may reduce fatigue
55
what are some uses of branched chain amino acids
allow proper synthesis of proteins energy source preserve muscle mass aftery surgery or trauma cancer
56
what is a complete protein source
provides all of the essential amino acids
57
examples of a complete protein source
animal - meat, eggs, fish, milk | plant - quinoa, soybean
58
imcomplete protein source
low in one or more of the essential amino acids
59
whats a complementary protein source and example
two or more incomplete protein sources that together provide adequate amounts of essential amino acids peanut butter sandwich
60
when is arginine essential
up to 5 years and over 60
61
when is histidine essential
up to 5
62
whats required if cysteine is not adequately provided in teh diet
methionine
63
if tyrosine is not adequately provided in the diet what is
phenylalanine
64
what happens to most arginine
cleaved to form urea

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