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Antioxidants Flashcards

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1
Q

what are reactive oxygen species

A

highly reactive molecules due to presence of unpaired valance shell electrons
roles in cell signalling
diet rich in antioxidants very important

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2
Q

what foods gives antioxidants

A

fruit and veges

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3
Q

6 examples of antioxidants

A 
vit c
vit E
beta carotene
grapeseed
pycnogenol
green tea
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4
Q

whats the compendial applications

A

directorate assembled monographs of common ingredients

if NHP ingredient in monograph can quickly be approved

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5
Q

non compendial traditional application

A

traditionally used - used for over 50 years
nothing about if its effective
just reference a book or 3 experts

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6
Q

non compendial non traditional application

A

conduct a trial

take monographs from all components in a combo and have no idea how they might interact or if its safe

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7
Q

NNHPD vit c uses

A 
metaboliz fat and protein 
develop maintain bone, cartlage, teeth, gums
connective tissue formation 
wound healing 
antioxidant
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8
Q

natural medicine database based on scientific evidence, what 3 componenets

A

safety - weighted more heavily
effectiveness
product quality

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9
Q

effective

likely effective

A

evidence supports efficacy

appropriate to recommend

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10
Q

possibly effective

possible ineffective

A

evidence inconclusive

not enough evidence to advise or avoid

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11
Q

likely ineffective

ineffective

A

advise to avoid

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12
Q

what is vit c effective for

A

scurvy

cold prevention in extreme environments

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13
Q

is vit c effective for common cold

A

not good for prevention may decrease duration by one day..

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14
Q

why is dosing of vit c increased during lactation

A

vit c in breast milk may reduce the risk of developing childhood allergies

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15
Q

sources of vitamin e

A

vege oil
nut
green leafy veges

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16
Q

common name vit e

A

tocopherol

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17
Q

NNHPD use vit e

A

antioxidant

prevent vit e deficiency

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18
Q

drug interactions for vit e

A

anticoagulant/platelet
chemo
statins/niacin - rise in HDL

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19
Q

vit e not authorized for sale for what in canada

A

preventing any disease

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20
Q

vit e dosing considerations

A

40IU/day considered normal, safe in health people up to 1500 buttttt
advise non healthy patients not to take doses of 400IU/day or more

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21
Q

vit e supplementation increases risk of what

A

risk of cancer, cardiac events, mortality

esp in high risk patients

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22
Q

sources of beta carotene

A

deep orange or yellow fruit/veges

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23
Q

beta carotene is a source of what

A

vit a and provitamin a

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24
Q

beta carotene use

A

maintain eyesight, skin, membranes, immune function
night vision
maintain and develop bones and teeth

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25
beta carotene and smokers
at higher risk for lung and prostate cancer, intracerebral cancer, hemorrhage, CV and total mortality consult a HCP prior to use if your tobacco smoker
26
beta carotene supplement and cancer
increased incidence of lung cancer and mortality in patients who were smokers or at risk of lung cancer
27
beta carotene dosing consideration how dose it compare to fruit and veges
generally need 1800ug per day of vit a and 5 servings provides 6mg so no need for supplements
28
beta carotene pregnancy risk
C
29
food antioxidants superior to supplements name some reasons why
dose difference chemical composition limited understanding of free radical biology brevity of supplementation in the face of a disease that develops over decades disease specificity beneficial effects could also be due to the other benefits of a diet high in veges and fruit
30
what is the french paradox
french smoked drank and ate bad food but had a lower incidence of CV disease may be becuase the consumption of red wine is higher
31
active components of grape seed
oligomeric proanthocyanidins flavonoids pyconogenol
32
grape seed use
source of antioxidants | relieve symptoms related to noncomplicated chronic venous insufficiency - swelling, heaviness, tingling
33
evidence for grape seed
possible effective in chronic venous insufficiency
34
active components in pycnogenol
oligomeric proanthocyanidins | flavonoids
35
uses of pycnogenol
antioxidant | treatment of chronic venous insufficiency
36
evidence for pycnogenol
possible effective chronic venous insufficiency
37
risk info for pycnogenol
consult HCP prior to use if you have multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus, erythmatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other autoimmune disorders pycnogenol has immunomodulating effects
38
which is better for chronic venous insufficiency
level a = grapeseed so strong positive evidence | level b = pycnogenol so just positive evidence
39
active components of green tea
caffiene | catechin polyphenols
40
green tea uses
antioxidant | used with a program of reduced intake of dietary calories and increased physical activity to help in weight management
41
evidence for green tea
insufficient
42
risk info for green tea
caffiene causes insomnia, diuresis allergic reaction to caffiene or tannins hepatotoxicity with extract lead contamination
43
green tea in pregnancy
large doses of caffiene associated with apontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight antifolat actions
44
define immunomodulator
substance used for its effect on the IS
45
echinacea active components
unknown
46
echinacea use
traditionally used to relieve symptoms of URTI and sore throat relieve symptoms and shorten duration of URTI
47
echinacea MOA
increase macrophage proliferation, phagocytosis, cytolkine excretion activation of tcell and natural killer cells
48
echinacea evidence
possibly effective URTI treatment
49
risk info for echinacea
allergies and cross sensitivity to asteraceae/compositae familites (ragweed, dasie) anaphylaxis immunosuppresants caution children not good at identifying when cold is coming on
50
when to take echinacea
prevention - pretreat 7-10 days prior to intentional infection, tolerance in 8 weeks usually taken at the first sign of a cold for 7-14 days
51
preferred prep for echinacea
above ground preparations e.purpurea only traditional claims for e.angustifolia
52
active component in ginseng
ginsenosides
53
uses of panax quinquefolius
``` traditional chinese medicine supportive therapy for promotion of healthy glucose levels relieve nervousness help with digestion healthy immune system ```
54
uses of panax ginseng
promotion of healthy glucose levels traditional chinese medicine support cognitive function and reduce mental fatigue enhance physical capability
55
what might ginseng possibly be effective for
cognitive function | influenza
56
risk info for ginseng
antidepressents - has caused manic episodes taking blood thinners or digoxin - alters effectiveness diabetes dont use in cases of yin deficiency with heat signs or in the absence of significant qi deficiency
57
what is cold fx
nonginsenoside extract
58
use for cold fx
helps reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of cold and flu symptoms by boosting the immune system
59
cold fx MOA
large plysaccharides remain in the gi tract | bind to macrophages, stimulat cytokines which further activate macrophages, tcell, and nk cells
60
what might cold fx possibly be effective for
3-4 month treatment, modest reduction in risk, severity and duration maybe help with repeat colds doesnt prelude vaccine
61
what is in oil of oregano
just buying vitamin a all the benefits come from vitA

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