Antioxidants Flashcards
what are reactive oxygen species
highly reactive molecules due to presence of unpaired valance shell electrons
roles in cell signalling
diet rich in antioxidants very important
what foods gives antioxidants
fruit and veges
6 examples of antioxidants
vit c vit E beta carotene grapeseed pycnogenol green tea
whats the compendial applications
directorate assembled monographs of common ingredients
if NHP ingredient in monograph can quickly be approved
non compendial traditional application
traditionally used - used for over 50 years
nothing about if its effective
just reference a book or 3 experts
non compendial non traditional application
conduct a trial
take monographs from all components in a combo and have no idea how they might interact or if its safe
NNHPD vit c uses
metaboliz fat and protein develop maintain bone, cartlage, teeth, gums connective tissue formation wound healing antioxidant
natural medicine database based on scientific evidence, what 3 componenets
safety - weighted more heavily
effectiveness
product quality
effective
likely effective
evidence supports efficacy
appropriate to recommend
possibly effective
possible ineffective
evidence inconclusive
not enough evidence to advise or avoid
likely ineffective
ineffective
advise to avoid
what is vit c effective for
scurvy
cold prevention in extreme environments
is vit c effective for common cold
not good for prevention may decrease duration by one day..
why is dosing of vit c increased during lactation
vit c in breast milk may reduce the risk of developing childhood allergies
sources of vitamin e
vege oil
nut
green leafy veges
common name vit e
tocopherol
NNHPD use vit e
antioxidant
prevent vit e deficiency
drug interactions for vit e
anticoagulant/platelet
chemo
statins/niacin - rise in HDL
vit e not authorized for sale for what in canada
preventing any disease
vit e dosing considerations
40IU/day considered normal, safe in health people up to 1500 buttttt
advise non healthy patients not to take doses of 400IU/day or more
vit e supplementation increases risk of what
risk of cancer, cardiac events, mortality
esp in high risk patients
sources of beta carotene
deep orange or yellow fruit/veges
beta carotene is a source of what
vit a and provitamin a
beta carotene use
maintain eyesight, skin, membranes, immune function
night vision
maintain and develop bones and teeth
beta carotene and smokers
at higher risk for lung and prostate cancer, intracerebral cancer, hemorrhage, CV and total mortality
consult a HCP prior to use if your tobacco smoker
beta carotene supplement and cancer
increased incidence of lung cancer and mortality in patients who were smokers or at risk of lung cancer
beta carotene dosing consideration how dose it compare to fruit and veges
generally need 1800ug per day of vit a and 5 servings provides 6mg so no need for supplements
beta carotene pregnancy risk
C
food antioxidants superior to supplements name some reasons why
dose difference
chemical composition
limited understanding of free radical biology
brevity of supplementation in the face of a disease that develops over decades
disease specificity
beneficial effects could also be due to the other benefits of a diet high in veges and fruit
what is the french paradox
french smoked drank and ate bad food but had a lower incidence of CV disease
may be becuase the consumption of red wine is higher
active components of grape seed
oligomeric proanthocyanidins
flavonoids
pyconogenol
grape seed use
source of antioxidants
relieve symptoms related to noncomplicated chronic venous insufficiency - swelling, heaviness, tingling
evidence for grape seed
possible effective in chronic venous insufficiency
active components in pycnogenol
oligomeric proanthocyanidins
flavonoids
uses of pycnogenol
antioxidant
treatment of chronic venous insufficiency
evidence for pycnogenol
possible effective chronic venous insufficiency
risk info for pycnogenol
consult HCP prior to use if you have multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus, erythmatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other autoimmune disorders
pycnogenol has immunomodulating effects
which is better for chronic venous insufficiency
level a = grapeseed so strong positive evidence
level b = pycnogenol so just positive evidence
active components of green tea
caffiene
catechin polyphenols
green tea uses
antioxidant
used with a program of reduced intake of dietary calories and increased physical activity to help in weight management
evidence for green tea
insufficient
risk info for green tea
caffiene causes insomnia, diuresis
allergic reaction to caffiene or tannins
hepatotoxicity with extract
lead contamination
green tea in pregnancy
large doses of caffiene associated with apontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight
antifolat actions
define immunomodulator
substance used for its effect on the IS
echinacea active components
unknown
echinacea use
traditionally used to relieve symptoms of URTI and sore throat
relieve symptoms and shorten duration of URTI
echinacea MOA
increase macrophage proliferation, phagocytosis, cytolkine excretion
activation of tcell and natural killer cells
echinacea evidence
possibly effective URTI treatment
risk info for echinacea
allergies and cross sensitivity to asteraceae/compositae familites (ragweed, dasie)
anaphylaxis
immunosuppresants
caution children not good at identifying when cold is coming on
when to take echinacea
prevention - pretreat 7-10 days prior to intentional infection, tolerance in 8 weeks
usually taken at the first sign of a cold for 7-14 days
preferred prep for echinacea
above ground preparations
e.purpurea
only traditional claims for e.angustifolia
active component in ginseng
ginsenosides
uses of panax quinquefolius
traditional chinese medicine supportive therapy for promotion of healthy glucose levels relieve nervousness help with digestion healthy immune system
uses of panax ginseng
promotion of healthy glucose levels
traditional chinese medicine
support cognitive function and reduce mental fatigue
enhance physical capability
what might ginseng possibly be effective for
cognitive function
influenza
risk info for ginseng
antidepressents - has caused manic episodes
taking blood thinners or digoxin - alters effectiveness
diabetes
dont use in cases of yin deficiency with heat signs or in the absence of significant qi deficiency
what is cold fx
nonginsenoside extract
use for cold fx
helps reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of cold and flu symptoms by boosting the immune system
cold fx MOA
large plysaccharides remain in the gi tract
bind to macrophages, stimulat cytokines which further activate macrophages, tcell, and nk cells
what might cold fx possibly be effective for
3-4 month treatment, modest reduction in risk, severity and duration
maybe help with repeat colds
doesnt prelude vaccine
what is in oil of oregano
just buying vitamin a all the benefits come from vitA
