Intro to Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards
What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system? (FSPMMS)
Framework - solid structure Support organs Protect organs, function safely Movement Manufacture blood cells - hematopoiesis Storage of minerals - calcium, phosphorous
What are the 3 main components of bones?
CCM
Cells - osteocytes
CHON matrix - collagen + ground substances
Mineral deposits
What makes up the ground substances?
glycoCHON (glycoprotein) and proteoglycans
Ground substances are made by ____. These type of cells are known to be ___
Osteoblasts
Bone forming cells
Total body calcium: %
Mineral deposits: %
Total body calcium: 98%
Mineral deposits: <2%
What makes up mineral deposits?
Phosphorous, magnesium, fluoride
What are the 4 guidelines to Calcium? (IKLA)
Intake thru milk and dairy products
Calcium tablets can cause Kidney stones
Lose 1% calcium starting from age 30
Calcium is also an Antacid = dont take w/other meds
How long should a patient on Calcium tablets wait before taking other meds? Why is this necessary?
2-4 hrs
To avoid hindering absorption since Ca is also an antacid
How many bones do we have?
206
Name the 5 types of bones acc to shape and describe (FLSIS)
Flat – hematopoiesis and protect vital organs (skull, sternum)
Long – weight bearing and mobility (arms, legs)
Short – wrist, ankle
Irregular – facial, vertebra
Sesamoid – within tendon (kneecap/patella)
Name the 2 types of bones acc to composition and describe (CC)
Cancellous/trabecular/spongy – epiphysis (end) + red marrow
Cortical/compact – diaphysis (mid) + yellow marrow
Red marrow = function + in what bone
Yellow marrow = function + in what bone
Red marrow = hematopoiesis (flat and long – epiphysis)
Yellow marrow = fat (long only – diaphysis)
Describe the ff
Medullary cavity
Periosteum
Epiphyseal line
Medullary cavity – canal that holds yellow marrow
Periosteum – outer covering of bone, like envelope
Epiphyseal line – closes at 21-22 y/o = wont grow taller
Bone marrow suppression refers to?
Red bone marrow
Which marrow do we get medications and transplants from?
Yellow bone marrow
What are the 3 bone cells? Describe acc to location and function
Osteoblasts – bone forming by secreting CHON matrix, located in periosteum (outer)
Osteoclasts – bone resorption/destroy, located in endosteum (inner)
Osteocytes – mature bone cells for bone maintenance
How do osteoclasts work “from inside out”?
Inside: destroy bone
Outside: secrete new bone
Osteoblastic activity = calcium ____
Osteoclastic activity = calcium ____
Osteoblastic activity = calcium goes to Bones (B-B)
Osteoclastic activity = calcium goes to Cells/outside (C-C)
What promotes osteoblastic activity?
Movement
Intake of Ca rich food
What happens if a px does not eat Ca rich food, is bed bound/ has a cast?
This promotes osteoclastic activity = bone gets thinner, weaker, smaller, brittle
Brittle bones are prone to?
Fractures
Differentiate Cartilage Ligament Tendon Joint
Cartilage – thick flexible connective tissue usually seen in the joints
Ligament – connects bone to bone (LBB)
Tendon – connects muscle to bone (TBM)
Joint – where bones meet
Damage of cartilage can be caused by?
Chronic use and abuse (sports players, elderly)