Intro to GI Flashcards
What is the sequence of the GI tract? (OSE CP SSL)
oral cavity
salivary glands
esophagus
cardiac sphincter
pyloric sphincter
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
where does digestion start and how
oral cavity
amylase
what are the 3 salivary glands (PML), function, and where they located
keeps cavity moist
parotid – behind esophagus
submandibular – under tongue (mandible)
sublingual – on the tongue
differentiate the two sphincters
cardiac – closes when chyme goes in stomach (IN)
pyloric – prevent intestinal contents backflow (OUT)
if cardiac sphincter not fxn well, may lead to
GERD
what is chyme?
liquid version of food due to hydrochloric acid
what are the parts of the stomach
fundus – head
corporis – body
pylorus – end
rugae – produces intestinal mucosa / hydrochloric acid
Match the part of the small intestine to its fxn
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum
- Vit ADEK (fat soluble)
- All corrosive juices, at risk for ulcerations
- Dumping syndrome
- Majority of digestion and absorption
- Vit B absorption
- Bile + pancreatic juices
- Iron and calcium absorption
1C 2A 3B 4A 5C 6A 7A
differentiate
bile
pancreatic lipase
amylase
trypsin
intrinsic factor
bile – fat metab
pancreatic lipase – fats
amylase – carbs
trypsin – protein
intrinsic factor – vit b
what ulcer is more common than gastric ulcer
duodenal ulcer
Where does majority of vit K synthesis occur?
large intestine
fluid absorption happens from where to where?
cecum to transverse colon
differentiate the contents of
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
ascending colon – liquidy
transverse colon – mushy/soft fecal matter, not completely solid or liquid
descending colon – well formed fecal matter
sigmoid colon – attached to rectum
where is McBurney’s point?
RLQ, appendix attached to cecum
if food or fecal matter is dislodged in appendix, this leads to?
what will happen if it ruptures?
appendicitis
emergency exploratory laparotomy
feces:
stool:
Feces: Inside
Stool: Outside
FI–SO
motility increases as?
motility increases further into the gi tract (down to rectum)
what are the 5 functions of the gi tract (S DA MD)
secretion – pancreatic juices, vit k, hcl, fluids
digestion – oral cavity and stomach
absorption – duodenum
motility – muscles
defecation – avoid retention of toxic substances, every 1-3 days
trace the sequence of gi blood supply
oxygenated blood: (UAST)
deoxygenated blood: (GSPHIR)
oxygenated blood: UE-abdominal aorta-small arteries-tissues
deoxygenated blood: gastric vein-splenic vein-portal vein of liver-hepatic vein-IVC-right atrium
how much deoxygenated blood goes through the liver?
75%
how does liver cirrhosis/cancer affect blood supply of gi tract
unoxygenated blood will go backward = esophageal varices (dilated veins) = congest gastric vein
what are 2 signs that gi tract condition is getting worse
esophageal varices and bleeding
how long is the gi tract
25 ft
differentiate the ff intrinsic nerve supplies
myenteric plexus
submucosal plexus
myenteric plexus – outer, smooth muscle
submucosal plexus – inner, submucosa
