Intro to GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sequence of the GI tract? (OSE CP SSL)

A

oral cavity
salivary glands
esophagus

cardiac sphincter
pyloric sphincter

stomach
small intestines
large intestines

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2
Q

where does digestion start and how

A

oral cavity

amylase

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3
Q

what are the 3 salivary glands (PML), function, and where they located

A

keeps cavity moist

parotid – behind esophagus
submandibular – under tongue (mandible)
sublingual – on the tongue

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4
Q

differentiate the two sphincters

A

cardiac – closes when chyme goes in stomach (IN)

pyloric – prevent intestinal contents backflow (OUT)

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5
Q

if cardiac sphincter not fxn well, may lead to

A

GERD

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6
Q

what is chyme?

A

liquid version of food due to hydrochloric acid

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7
Q

what are the parts of the stomach

A

fundus – head

corporis – body

pylorus – end

rugae – produces intestinal mucosa / hydrochloric acid

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8
Q

Match the part of the small intestine to its fxn

A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum

  1. Vit ADEK (fat soluble)
  2. All corrosive juices, at risk for ulcerations
  3. Dumping syndrome
  4. Majority of digestion and absorption
  5. Vit B absorption
  6. Bile + pancreatic juices
  7. Iron and calcium absorption
A
1C
2A
3B
4A
5C
6A
7A
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9
Q

differentiate
bile

pancreatic lipase

amylase

trypsin

intrinsic factor

A

bile – fat metab

pancreatic lipase – fats

amylase – carbs

trypsin – protein

intrinsic factor – vit b

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10
Q

what ulcer is more common than gastric ulcer

A

duodenal ulcer

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11
Q

Where does majority of vit K synthesis occur?

A

large intestine

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12
Q

fluid absorption happens from where to where?

A

cecum to transverse colon

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13
Q

differentiate the contents of

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

A

ascending colon – liquidy

transverse colon – mushy/soft fecal matter, not completely solid or liquid

descending colon – well formed fecal matter

sigmoid colon – attached to rectum

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14
Q

where is McBurney’s point?

A

RLQ, appendix attached to cecum

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15
Q

if food or fecal matter is dislodged in appendix, this leads to?

what will happen if it ruptures?

A

appendicitis

emergency exploratory laparotomy

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16
Q

feces:
stool:

A

Feces: Inside
Stool: Outside

FI–SO

17
Q

motility increases as?

A

motility increases further into the gi tract (down to rectum)

18
Q

what are the 5 functions of the gi tract (S DA MD)

A

secretion – pancreatic juices, vit k, hcl, fluids

digestion – oral cavity and stomach

absorption – duodenum

motility – muscles

defecation – avoid retention of toxic substances, every 1-3 days

19
Q

trace the sequence of gi blood supply

oxygenated blood: (UAST)
deoxygenated blood: (GSPHIR)

A

oxygenated blood: UE-abdominal aorta-small arteries-tissues

deoxygenated blood: gastric vein-splenic vein-portal vein of liver-hepatic vein-IVC-right atrium

20
Q

how much deoxygenated blood goes through the liver?

A

75%

21
Q

how does liver cirrhosis/cancer affect blood supply of gi tract

A

unoxygenated blood will go backward = esophageal varices (dilated veins) = congest gastric vein

22
Q

what are 2 signs that gi tract condition is getting worse

A

esophageal varices and bleeding

23
Q

how long is the gi tract

A

25 ft

24
Q

differentiate the ff intrinsic nerve supplies

myenteric plexus
submucosal plexus

A

myenteric plexus – outer, smooth muscle

submucosal plexus – inner, submucosa

25
Q

(T/F) intrinsic contractile stimulation happens when we eat

A

TRUE, we can’t tell food to stop moving

26
Q

differentiate the ff extrinsic nerve supplies (ANS)

parasympathetic
sympathetic

A

parasympathetic – CN9 (vagus), inc secretion + motor, relax anal sphincter

sympathetic – thoracic and lumbar nerves, dec secretion + motor

CLUE: OPPOSITE – PARA (stop all, GO GI TRACT), SYMP (go all, STOP GI TRACT)

27
Q

vagal nerve is the only nerve that passes through ___

A

shoulder

28
Q

match the layers of the gi tract to its fxn

A. Mucosa
B. Submucosa
C. Muscularis
D. Serosa

  1. Outermost, connective tissue
  2. On top of mucosa
  3. Smooth muscles
  4. Innermost, smooth muscle w/rugae, exocrine glands, sloughs off w/ulcer
A

A4
B2
C3
D1

(Ser-Mus-Sub-Muc)