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MICROBIOLOGY 🧪🧫🔬🧬 > INTRO TO MICROBIOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRO TO MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The study of living things too small to be seen without magnification

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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2
Q

developed taxonomic
system for naming plants and animals and grouping
similar organisms together

A

CAROLUS LINNAEUS (SWEDISH)

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2
Q

Taenia solium

A

PORK TAPEWORM

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2
Q

these microscopic
organisms commonly called “germs, viruses, agents…” but
not all cause disease and many more are useful or essential for human life

A

MICROORGANISMS OR MICROBES

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2
Q

Leeuwenhoek’s microorganisms grouped into six categories as follows:

A

Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, Bacteria, Archaea, Small animals

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2
Q

WHAT IS Balantidium coli?

A

BIGGEST CILIATE

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2
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

FISH TAPEWORM

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3
Q

WHAT IS THE MICROSCOPIC STAGE IN HELMINTHS

A

EGG/OVA - LARVAE - ADULT

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3
Q

Taenia saginata

A

BEEF TAPEWORM

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3
Q

Eukaryotic (have membrane bound nucleus)
 Obtain food from other organisms
 Possess cell walls

COMPOSED OF MOLD & YEAST

A

FUNGI

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4
Q

multicellular; have hyphae; reproduce by sexual and asexual spores

A

MOLDS

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5
Q

unicellular; reproduce asexually by budding; some produce sexual spores

A

YEAST

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6
Q
  • Single-celled eukaryotes
     Similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure
     Live freely in water; some live in animal hosts
     Asexual (most) and sexual reproduction
     Most are capable of locomotion by Pseudopodia, Cilia, Flagella
A

PROTOZOA

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7
Q

Unicellular or multicellular
 Photosynthetic
 Simple reproductive structures
 Categorized on the basis of pigmentation, storage
products, and composition of cell wall

A

ALGAE

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8
Q

numerous, short, hair like protrusions that propel organisms through environment

A

CILIA

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8
Q

cell extensions that flow in
direction of travel

A

PSEUDOPODIA

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8
Q

 Unicellular and lack nuclei
 Much smaller than eukaryotes
 Found everywhere there is sufficient moisture; some
found in extreme environments
 Reproduce asexually

A

BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA

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9
Q

cell walls contain peptidoglycan; some
lack cell walls; most do not cause disease and some are beneficial

A

BACTERIA

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9
Q

extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia

A

FLAGELLA

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10
Q

 When the “swan-necked flasks” remained upright,
no microbial growth appeared
 When the flask was tilted, dust from the bend in the
neck seeped back into the flask and made the
infusion cloudy with microbes within a day

A

PASTEUR’S EXPERIMENT

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10
Q

 When decaying meat was kept isolated from flies,
maggots never developed
 Meat exposed to flies was soon infested
 As a result, scientists began to doubt Aristotle’s
theory

A

REDI’S EXPERIMENT

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10
Q

developed germ theory of disease

A

LOUIS PASTEUR

10
Q

cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan

A

ARCHAEA

11
Q

studied causative agents of disease

A

ROBERT KOCH

12
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 DISEASES THEAT ROBERT KOCH DISCOVERED

A

ANTHRAX, TUBERCULOSIS, CHOLERA

13
Q

 Simple staining techniques
 First photomicrograph of bacteria
 First photomicrograph of bacteria in diseased tissue
 Techniques for estimating CFU/ml
 Use of steam to sterilize media
 Use of Petri dishes
 Aseptic techniques
 Bacteria as distinct species
 Koch’s Postulates

A

KOCH’S EXPERIMENT

14
Q

PERSON antiseptic / handwashing technique

A

JOSEPH LISTER

15
Q

infection control and epidemiology

A

SNOW

16
Q

field of chemotherapy

A

EHRLICH’S

16
Q

field of immunology

A

EDWARD JENNER’S VACCINE

17
Q

Began with _____ work on fermentation and
____ discovery of enzymes in yeast extract

A

PASTEUR’S & BUCHNER’S

18
Q

microbes used as model
systems for biochemical reactions

A

Kluyver and van Niel

19
Q

uses living bacteria, fungi, and algae to detoxify polluted environments

A

BIOREMEDIATION

20
Q

Recycling of chemicals such as____, ____, _____

A

CARBON, NITROGEN & SULFUR

21
Q

The study of blood serum

A

SEROLOGY

22
Q

The study of the body’s defense against specific pathogens

A

IMMUNOLOGY

22
Q

existence in the blood of chemicals and cells that fight infection

A

Von Behring and Kitasato

22
Q

discovered penicillin

A

ALEXANDER FLEMING

22
Q

discovered sulfa drugs

A

GERHARD DOMAGK

22
Q

Transformation of energy by converting chemicals and energy into cellular components (anabolism) and decomposing organic matter (catabolism). Living things require energy to maintain internal organization (homeostasis) and to produce the other phenomena associated with life.

A

METABOLISM

23
Q

is built on asking and answering questions

A

MICROBIOLOGY

23
Q

The ability to produce new individual organisms either asexually, from a single parent
organism, or sexually, from at least two parent organisms.

A

REPRODUCTION

24
Q

can make food through
photosynthesis

A

AUTOTROPHIC

25
Q

organism depend on other
organisms for their food requirements.

A

HETEROTROPHIC

25
Q

take nutrients in solution from dead and decaying matter

A

Saprophytic or Saprobic

26
Q

 Not independently living cellular organisms
 Much simpler than cells- basically a small amount
of DNA or RNA wrapped in protein and sometimes
by a lipid membrane
 Individuals are called a virus particle or virion
 Depend on the infected cell’s machinery to multiply
and disperse

A

VIRUSES

26
Q

classifying living things

A

TAXONOMY

26
Q

naming microorganisms

A

MICROBIAL NOMENCLATURE

26
Q

discovering and recording the traits of organisms so they can be named and classified

A

IDENTIFICATION

26
Q

3 SUPER KINGDOMS

A

Eubacteria, Archaeabacteria, Eukarya

26
Q

FIVE KINGDOMS:

A

 Prokaryotae (Monera)
 Protista
 Fungae
 Plantae
 Animalia

27
Q

the degree of relatedness between groups of living things

A

PHYLOGENY

28
Q

usually represented by a tree- showing the divergent nature of evolution

A

PHYLOGENY

MICROBIOLOGY 🧪🧫🔬🧬 (11 decks)

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