INTRO TO MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

The study of living things too small to be seen without magnification

Answer 1

MICROBIOLOGY

Question 2

developed taxonomic
system for naming plants and animals and grouping
similar organisms together

Answer 2

CAROLUS LINNAEUS (SWEDISH)

Question 2

Taenia solium

Answer 2

PORK TAPEWORM

Question 2

these microscopic
organisms commonly called “germs, viruses, agents…” but
not all cause disease and many more are useful or essential for human life

Answer 2

MICROORGANISMS OR MICROBES

Question 2

Leeuwenhoek’s microorganisms grouped into six categories as follows:

Answer 2

Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, Bacteria, Archaea, Small animals

Question 2

WHAT IS Balantidium coli?

Answer 2

BIGGEST CILIATE

Question 2

Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 2

FISH TAPEWORM

Question 3

WHAT IS THE MICROSCOPIC STAGE IN HELMINTHS

Answer 3

EGG/OVA - LARVAE - ADULT

Question 3

Taenia saginata

Answer 3

BEEF TAPEWORM

Question 3

Eukaryotic (have membrane bound nucleus)
 Obtain food from other organisms
 Possess cell walls

COMPOSED OF MOLD & YEAST

Answer 3

FUNGI

Question 4

multicellular; have hyphae; reproduce by sexual and asexual spores

Answer 4

MOLDS

Question 5

unicellular; reproduce asexually by budding; some produce sexual spores

Answer 5

YEAST

Question 6

• Single-celled eukaryotes
   Similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure
   Live freely in water; some live in animal hosts
   Asexual (most) and sexual reproduction
   Most are capable of locomotion by Pseudopodia, Cilia, Flagella

Answer 6

PROTOZOA

Question 7

Unicellular or multicellular
 Photosynthetic
 Simple reproductive structures
 Categorized on the basis of pigmentation, storage
products, and composition of cell wall

Answer 7

ALGAE

Question 8

numerous, short, hair like protrusions that propel organisms through environment

Answer 8

CILIA

Question 8

cell extensions that flow in
direction of travel

Answer 8

PSEUDOPODIA

Question 8

 Unicellular and lack nuclei
 Much smaller than eukaryotes
 Found everywhere there is sufficient moisture; some
found in extreme environments
 Reproduce asexually

Answer 8

BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA

Question 9

cell walls contain peptidoglycan; some
lack cell walls; most do not cause disease and some are beneficial

Answer 9

BACTERIA

Question 9

extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia

Answer 9

FLAGELLA

Question 10

 When the “swan-necked flasks” remained upright,
no microbial growth appeared
 When the flask was tilted, dust from the bend in the
neck seeped back into the flask and made the
infusion cloudy with microbes within a day

Answer 10

PASTEUR’S EXPERIMENT

Question 10

 When decaying meat was kept isolated from flies,
maggots never developed
 Meat exposed to flies was soon infested
 As a result, scientists began to doubt Aristotle’s
theory

Answer 10

REDI’S EXPERIMENT

Question 10

developed germ theory of disease

Answer 10

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 10

cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan

Answer 10

ARCHAEA

Question 11

studied causative agents of disease

Answer 11

ROBERT KOCH

Question 12

WHAT ARE THE 3 DISEASES THEAT ROBERT KOCH DISCOVERED

Answer 12

ANTHRAX, TUBERCULOSIS, CHOLERA

Question 13

 Simple staining techniques  First photomicrograph of bacteria  First photomicrograph of bacteria in diseased tissue  Techniques for estimating CFU/ml  Use of steam to sterilize media  Use of Petri dishes  Aseptic techniques  Bacteria as distinct species  Koch’s Postulates

Answer 13

KOCH'S EXPERIMENT

Question 14

*PERSON* antiseptic / handwashing technique

Answer 14

JOSEPH LISTER

Question 15

infection control and epidemiology

Answer 15

SNOW

Question 16

field of chemotherapy

Answer 16

EHRLICH'S

Question 16

field of immunology

Answer 16

EDWARD JENNER'S VACCINE

Question 17

Began with _____ work on fermentation and ____ discovery of enzymes in yeast extract

Answer 17

PASTEUR'S & BUCHNER'S

Question 18

microbes used as model systems for biochemical reactions

Answer 18

Kluyver and van Niel

Question 19

uses living bacteria, fungi, and algae to detoxify polluted environments

Answer 19

BIOREMEDIATION

Question 20

Recycling of chemicals such as____, ____, _____

Answer 20

CARBON, NITROGEN & SULFUR

Question 21

The study of blood serum

Answer 21

SEROLOGY

Question 22

The study of the body’s defense against specific pathogens

Answer 22

IMMUNOLOGY

Question 22

existence in the blood of chemicals and cells that fight infection

Answer 22

Von Behring and Kitasato

Question 22

discovered penicillin

Answer 22

ALEXANDER FLEMING

Question 22

discovered sulfa drugs

Answer 22

GERHARD DOMAGK

Question 22

Transformation of energy by converting chemicals and energy into cellular components (anabolism) and decomposing organic matter (catabolism). Living things require energy to maintain internal organization (homeostasis) and to produce the other phenomena associated with life.

Answer 22

METABOLISM

Question 23

is built on asking and answering questions

Answer 23

MICROBIOLOGY

Question 23

The ability to produce new individual organisms either asexually, from a single parent organism, or sexually, from at least two parent organisms.

Answer 23

REPRODUCTION

Question 24

can make food through photosynthesis

Answer 24

AUTOTROPHIC

Question 25

organism depend on other organisms for their food requirements.

Answer 25

HETEROTROPHIC

Question 25

take nutrients in solution from dead and decaying matter

Answer 25

Saprophytic or Saprobic

Question 26

 Not independently living cellular organisms  Much simpler than cells- basically a small amount of DNA or RNA wrapped in protein and sometimes by a lipid membrane  Individuals are called a virus particle or virion  Depend on the infected cell’s machinery to multiply and disperse

Answer 26

VIRUSES

Question 26

classifying living things

Answer 26

TAXONOMY

Question 26

naming microorganisms

Answer 26

MICROBIAL NOMENCLATURE

Question 26

discovering and recording the traits of organisms so they can be named and classified

Answer 26

IDENTIFICATION

Question 26

3 SUPER KINGDOMS

Answer 26

Eubacteria, Archaeabacteria, Eukarya

Question 26

FIVE KINGDOMS:

Answer 26

 Prokaryotae (Monera)  Protista  Fungae  Plantae  Animalia

Question 27

the degree of relatedness between groups of living things

Answer 27

PHYLOGENY

Question 28

usually represented by a tree- showing the divergent nature of evolution

Answer 28

PHYLOGENY