HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

which existed on earth billion years ago
over this time they evolved from microscopic forms.
 They vary from appearance
 ability to carry out different biochemical transformations
 ability to grow in a wide different environment, and interactions in different microorganism and different forms of life.
 One important ability is to quickly change their properties and adapt to changing environment

Answer 1

MICROORGANISMS

Question 2

acquired from infected individuals
 kill infected individual

Answer 2

VENEREAL DISEASES

Question 3

lack of fuel
 Undercooked pork spreads the parasite
 ban eating of pork

Answer 3

TRICHINOSIS

Question 4

After you eat trichinella larvae, they mature into adult worms in your intestine. The adults then produce larvae that migrate through various tissues, including muscle tissue.

Answer 4

TRICHINELLA CYST

Question 5

FIRST OBSERVATIONS
Robert Hooke: ____
Leeuwenhoek: ____

Answer 5

CELLS & MICROBES

Question 6

First report of cell structure 1665
 ‘Little boxes’ in cork : CELL

Answer 6

ROBERT HOOKE

Question 7

First person to see bacteria
 Pioneer of microscopy
 Single lens microscope
 1647

Answer 7

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

Question 8

Beautifully crafted but had severe chromatic distortion

Answer 8

EARLY COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

Question 9

____ and his father _____ started
experimenting with these lenses.

Answer 9

ZACCHARIAS JANSSEN & HANS

Question 10

any damp body gives rise to living things
 Miasma

Answer 10

ARISTOTLE

Question 11

Living organisms could arise from non living matter
 crocodiles from mud

Answer 11

HERODOTUS

Question 12

small animals only
 maggots from meat
 mice from feed

Answer 12

VAN HELMONT

Question 13

Italian poet physician 1668
 Tested hypothesis of Spontaneous Generation
 Meat in jars
 three jars open to air> maggots
 three jars sealed >no maggots
 three jars fine net>no maggots
 Concluded spontaneous generation did not still occur

Answer 13

FRANCESCO REDI

Question 14

WHO Confirmed the experiments of Redi & Schwann

Answer 14

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 15

Added 20 years to the lifespan of every man woman and
 improved the quality of life
 Germ theory
 Fermentation
 Pasteurization
 Rabies vaccine

Answer 15

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 16

WHAT ARE THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY

Answer 16

 Fermentation
 Pasteurization
 Disinfection
 Vaccines

Question 17

Vintners thought sugar chemically converted to alcohol in
 Pasteur, a chemist, was asked to help
 Discovered
 Yeast convert sugars to alcohol
 Bacteria change alcohol to vinegar
 _____ was biological process

Answer 17

FERMENTATION

Question 18

Pasteur connected food spoilage and microbes
 ____ : Destroy microbes that cause spoilage by
 Beer, wine, milk
 Critical to development of Germ theory

Answer 18

PASTEURIZATION

Question 19

Irish priest 1745
 Said microbes spontaneously generated
 Evidence
 Heated chicken soup
 poured into flasks
 covered flasks
 microbes appeared

Answer 19

JOHN NEEDHAM

Question 20

Italian Monk 1765
 Said Needham’s broths contaminated after heating
 Evidence
 chicken soup poured into flasks
 covered flasks
 then heated soup
 microbes DID NOT appear

Answer 20

LAZARO SPALLANZANI

Question 21

Concept proposed by RODULF VIRCHOW
 German Scientist 1858
 Virchow had No Evidence

Answer 21

BIOGENESIS

Question 22

All organisms composed of one or more cells
 Cells are smallest living things
 Cells arise only from previously existing cells
 Thus: all organisms are descendents of the first cells

Answer 22

THE CELL THEORY

Question 23

Cell theory
 Basic unit of life
 1835 – digestive process
- hydrochloric acid
 1836 – Pepsin
 Role of microbes in alcohol fermentation
Pouchet argued that “Life Force” destroyed

Answer 23

SCHWANN EXPERIMENT

Question 24

Causal relationship between microbes and disease
 Disinfection controls surgical infection
 Microbes cause disease

Answer 24

GERM THEORY OF DISEASE

Question 25

Developed antiseptic surgery

Answer 25

JOSEPH LISTER

Question 26

Confirmed germ theory  Discovered cause of  anthrax  cholera  tuberculosis  Developed  pure culture techniques  staining techniques  solid media Rules to prove a

Answer 26

ROBERT KOCH

Question 27

Advocate Handwashing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever.

Answer 27

IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS

Question 28

Discovered the worlds first antibiotic

Answer 28

ALEXANDER FLEMING

Question 29

isolated smallpox virus from pustules on Egyptian mummies.

Answer 29

SMALLPOX

Question 30

Vaccination for smallpox

Answer 30

EDWARD JENNER

Question 31

Pasteur described a rational basis for the development of vaccines VACCINE WAS UNETHICAL !!

Answer 31

RABIES VACCINE

Question 32

WHAT YEAR: DIGESTIVE PROCESS & HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Answer 32

1835

Question 33

WHAT YEAR: PEPSIN

Answer 33

1836

Question 34

Pasteurization: Destroy microbes that cause spoilage by:

Answer 34

BEER, WINE AND MILK

Question 35

FIRST VACCINE FOR SMALLPOX BY EDWARD JENNER

Answer 35

COWPOX VACCINE

Question 36

WHO IS NOT A LICENSE PHYSICIAN?

Answer 36

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 37

WHO INTRODUCED THE SYPHILLIS IN THE PH?

Answer 37

GROUP OF MAGELLAN

Question 38

MUSCARDINE DISEASE OF THE SILKWORM

Answer 38

BEAUVERIA BASSIANA

Question 39

He discovered that the muscardine disease of silkworms was caused by a living, very small, parasitic organism, a fungus that would be named eventually Beauveria bassiana in his honor.

Answer 39

AGOSTINO BASSI