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MICROBIOLOGY > INTRO TO MICROBIAL WORLD > Flashcards

INTRO TO MICROBIAL WORLD Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the study of living things too small

to be seen without magnification

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish) developed
______and
animals and grouping similar organisms together

A

taxonomic system for naming plants

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3
Q

Leeuwenhoek’s microorganisms

grouped into six categories as follows:

A 
■ Fungi
■ Protozoa
■ Algae
■ Bacteria
■ Archaea
■ Small animals
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4
Q

● Eukaryotic (have membrane-bound nucleus)
● Obtain food from other organisms (saprophytic)
● Possess cell walls

A

FUNGI

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5
Q

multicellular; have hyphae;

reproduce by sexual and asexual spores.

A

Molds

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6
Q

unicellular; reproduce asexually
by budding; some produce sexual
spores. T

A

Yeasts

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7
Q

● Single-celled eukaryotes
● similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular
structure
● Live freely in water

A

● Single-celled eukaryotes
● similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular
structure
● Live freely in water

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8
Q

T or F

Protozoa can reproduce sexually and asexually

A

True

mostly asexual

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9
Q

cell extensions that flow

in direction of travel

A

Pseudopodia

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10
Q

extensions of a cell that are
fewer, longer, and more whiplike than
cilia

A

Flagella

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11
Q

Aside from locomotion, they can be used

for ___ between bacteria

A

genetic exchange

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12
Q

● Unicellular or multicellular
● Photosynthetic (that’s why there are green algae)
● Simple reproductive structures

A

ALGAE

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13
Q

● Unicellular and lack nuclei
● Much smaller than eukaryotes
● Found everywhere there is sufficient moisture;
some found in extreme environments (resistant
bacteria)

A

BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA

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14
Q

Bacteria and archaea reproduce____

A

asexually

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15
Q 
cell walls contain 
peptidoglycan which is very reinforced 
that’s why the primary goal of most 
antibiotics is to puncture holes in cell wall;
some lack cell walls; most do not cause 
disease and some are beneficial, 
composed of prokaryotic cell
A

Bacteria

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16
Q

cell walls composed of

polymers other than peptidoglyca

A

Archaea

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17
Q

● When decaying meat was kept isolated from flies,
maggots never developed
● Meats exposed to flies were soon infested
● As a result, scientists began to doubt Aristotle’s
theory

A

REDI’S EXPERIMENT

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18
Q

● When the “swan-necked flasks” remained
upright, no microbial growth appeared
● When the flask was tilted, dust from the ben in the
neck seeped back into the flask and made the
infusion cloudy with microbes within a day

A

PASTEUR’S EXPERIMENTS

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19
Q

Pasteur pioneered the study of this vaccine

A

Rabies

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20
Q

he developed germ theory of disease

A

Pasteur

21
Q

studied causative agents of

disease

A

Robert Koch

22
Q

Four steps to follow to show that a
particular organism is a causative agent
of a particular disease:

A 
1. A certain organism is present in 
a particular disease
2. Isolate that particular organism 
from that disease 
3. That organism can be placed in 
another host, and that host will 
develop the same disease as the 
first one
4. The organism that was 
discovered in the first host will be 
the same organism that was 
discovered in the first host.
23
Q

Identified the cause of Anthrax

A

Robert Koch

24
Q

● Simple staining techniques

● 1st photomicrograph of bacteria

A

KOCH’S EXPERIMENTS

25
Q

sequence of experimental
steps to show that a specific microorganism
causes a particular disease

A

Koch’s postulates

26
Q
  • first introduced and study the

smallpox vaccine, field of immunology

A

Jenner’s vaccine

27
Q

field of chemotherapy

A

Ehrlich’s “magic bullets”

28
Q

determined that genes are contained in

molecules of DNA

A

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

29
Q

established that a
gene’s activity is related to protein
function

A

Beadle and Tatum

30
Q

proposed that gene sequences
could provide understanding of
evolutionary relationships and processes

A

Pauling

31
Q

● Genes in microbes, plants and animals
manipulated for practical applications.
● Production of human blood clotting factor by E.
coli to aid hemophiliacs.

A

Recombinant DNA technology

32
Q

Inserting a missing gene or repairing a defective
one in humans by inserting desired gene into host
cells

A

Gene Therapy

33
Q

The study of blood serum

A

Serology

34
Q

existence in

the blood of chemicals that fight infection

A

Von Behring and Kitasato

35
Q

The study of the body’s defense against

specific pathogens.

A

Immunology

36
Q

Fleming discovered ____

A

Penicillin

37
Q

Domagk discovered ____

A

Sulfa drugs

38
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin Resistant

Enterococcus

39
Q

VRSA

A

Vancomycin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus

40
Q

Transformation of energy by
converting chemicals and energy into cellular
components (anabolism) and decomposing
organic matter (catabolism).

A

Metabolism

41
Q

The ability to produce new
individual organisms either asexually, from a
single parent organism or sexually, from at least
two parent organisms.

A

Reproduction

42
Q

Types of Microorganisms Based on Acquiring

Nutrition

A

● Autotrophic
● Heterotrophic
● Saprophytic or Saprobic

43
Q 
The Phylogenetic group of Golden-brown
algae that includes those algae whose 
chloroplasts contain chlorophylls A and 
C, as well as the various colorless forms 
that are closely related to them.
A

Chromista

44
Q

■ Fatty Acid Profiles
■ True bacteria, cell wall with
peptidoglycan
■ Have a prokaryotic cell type

A

Eubacteria

45
Q

Odd bacteria that live in extreme
environments (i.e. floor of
volcanoes), high salt, heat, etc.)

A

Archaebacteria

46
Q

■ Have a nucleus and organelles
■ Have a eukaryotic cell type
■ Worms, Animals, Birds

A

Eukarya

47
Q

The GIANT all-inclusive category based

on the unique call type

A

Domain

48
Q

The smallest and most specific

A

Species

MICROBIOLOGY (5 decks)

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