immunology of parasitic infection

Question 1

schistosoma

Answer 1

trematode

Question 2

Trichinella spiralis

Answer 2

Nematode

Question 3

T. spiralis can be obtained by

Answer 3

eating meat of the infected animal

Question 4

Plasmodia falciparum can be found in

Answer 4

blood. (need insect vectors)

Question 5

round worm or ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 5

Nematode

Question 6

examples of parasites with complicated lufe cycles

Answer 6

coccidia and malaria

Question 7

kills 1 to 3x10^6 people every year

Answer 7

malaria

Question 8

kills 0.5 to 1x10^6 people every year

Answer 8

schistosoma

Question 9

infect 1/3 of the world’s population

Answer 9

intestinal worms

Question 10

soil-transmitted helminths

Answer 10

ancylostoma necator
ascaris lumbricoides
trichuris trichiura

Question 11

800x10^6

Answer 11

ancylostoma necator

Question 12

700 x10^6

Answer 12

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 13

500 x10^6

Answer 13

Trochuris trichiura

Question 14

direct invasion by penetrating the skin

Answer 14

hookworm and schistosome larvae

Question 15

Ingested

Answer 15

tapeworm
pinworm
roundowrm
Toxoplasma
Giardia

Question 16

mosquitoes

Answer 16

filarial worms

protozoa malarial parasites

Question 17

tse tse flies

Answer 17

trypanosomes

Question 18

triatomid bugs

Answer 18

T. cruzi

Question 19

sandflies

Answer 19

leishmania

Question 20

sexually transmitted

Answer 20

T. vaginalis

Question 21

parasitic protozoa living in blood

Answer 21

African trypanosomes

Question 22

Parasitic protozoa living within erythrocytes

Answer 22

Plasmodium spp.

Question 23

parasitic protozoa living in macrophages

Answer 23

Leishmania, Toxoplasma gondii

Question 24

typically flattened and leaf-shaoed with 2 muscular suckers

Answer 24

trematodes or flukes

Question 25

trematodes are hermaphrodites except

Answer 25

schistosomes

Question 26

most fluke infections are acquired by

Answer 26

ingestion of metacercariae

Question 27

directly penetrate the skin of theirs host and do not encyst as metacercariae

Answer 27

schistosomes

Question 28

flat and have ribbon-like chain of segment (proglottids) containing male and female reproductive structures

Answer 28

cestodes or tapeworms

Question 29

Adults tapeworms have no mouth or gut and absorb their nutrients directly from their host through their

Answer 29

integument

Question 30

examples of cestodes

Answer 30

Cysticercus - Taenia solium , Hydatid cyst - Echinococcus granulosus

Question 31

exampkes of nematodes

Answer 31

``` Trichinella spiralis, hookworms, pinworms, Ascaris spp, and filarial worms ```

Question 32

They only have a set of longitudinal muscles which allows them to move in a whiplike, penetrating fashion

Answer 32

nematodes or roundworms

Question 33

t or f nematodes or roundowrms have a complete digestive system

Answer 33

t

Question 34

inhabit the gut

Answer 34

tapeworms and adult hookworms

Question 35

live in blood vessels

Answer 35

adult schistosomes | mesenteric vessels/urinary bladder plexus- schistosoma haematobium

Question 36

live in the lymphatics

Answer 36

some filarial worms

Question 37

hallmark of schistosomiasis

Answer 37

pipe stem liver (portal hypertension)

Question 38

great variety of antigen

Answer 38

Trypanosoma Giardia lamblia Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 39

infective stage of the malarial parasite transmitted by the mosquito

Answer 39

sporozoite

Question 40

in malaria, the __________ of sporozoite induces the production of antibodies that do not react with the eryhthrocytic stage

Answer 40

protein coat

Question 41

different stages, different surface antigens

Answer 41

trichinella spiralis

Question 42

invasive form of the blood stage of the malarial parasite

Answer 42

merozoit

Question 43

The merozoit bind to certain receptors on erythrocyte and uses a specialized organelle -______ - to enter the cell

Answer 43

the rhoptry

Question 44

use complement receptor, | mannose-fucose receptor (lectin pathway).

Answer 44

lesihmania

Question 45

able to invade and multiply in all nucleated mammalian cells, can infect immature mammalian erythrocytes, insect cell cultures, and the nucleated erythrocytes of birds and fish.

Answer 45

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 46

T or F | Tapeworm of the pig can also infect humans

Answer 46

T

Question 47

first line mech

Answer 47

innate immunity (humoral, cellular)

Question 48

cellular mech

Answer 48

macrophage and PMNs

Question 49

humoral mechanisms of innate immunity

Answer 49

complement alternative mediators cytokines

Question 50

complement

Answer 50

alternative pathway | lectin-mediated pathway

Question 51

A primate specific, innate cytolytic defense | mechanism

Answer 51

alternative mediators

Question 52

alternatove mediators cause resistance of humans to

Answer 52

african trypanosomes and plasmodium spp

Question 53

composed of several common apolipoproteins (high density lipoproteins) and a haptoglobin-related protein (Hrp)

Answer 53

Trypanosome lysis factor 1 (TLF1)

Question 54

contains a unique igM component and has a lower lipid content

Answer 54

TLF 2

Question 55

are normally associated with regulation | and activation of cells of the immune system

Answer 55

cytokines

Question 56

is directly involved in innate immunity to T. brucei

Answer 56

TNF alpha

Question 57

TNF∝ binds and is internalized to

Answer 57

T. brucei-->cytolysis

Question 58

The susceptibility of parasites to this | mechanism is specific:

Answer 58

o Insect stages are resistant to lysis o Only parasites isolated during the peak of parasitemia are lysed by TNF∝

Question 59

cellular mech

Answer 59

Macrophages • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Mast cells • Platelets • NK cells • NK T cells • 🇾δ T cells• B1 cells