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MICROBIOLOGY > immunology of parasitic infection > Flashcards

immunology of parasitic infection Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

schistosoma

A

trematode

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2
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

Nematode

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3
Q

T. spiralis can be obtained by

A

eating meat of the infected animal

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4
Q

Plasmodia falciparum can be found in

A

blood. (need insect vectors)

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5
Q

round worm or ascaris lumbricoides

A

Nematode

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6
Q

examples of parasites with complicated lufe cycles

A

coccidia and malaria

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7
Q

kills 1 to 3x10^6 people every year

A

malaria

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8
Q

kills 0.5 to 1x10^6 people every year

A

schistosoma

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9
Q

infect 1/3 of the world’s population

A

intestinal worms

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10
Q

soil-transmitted helminths

A

ancylostoma necator
ascaris lumbricoides
trichuris trichiura

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11
Q

800x10^6

A

ancylostoma necator

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12
Q

700 x10^6

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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13
Q

500 x10^6

A

Trochuris trichiura

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14
Q

direct invasion by penetrating the skin

A

hookworm and schistosome larvae

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15
Q

Ingested

A 
tapeworm
pinworm
roundowrm
Toxoplasma
Giardia
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16
Q

mosquitoes

A

filarial worms

protozoa malarial parasites

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17
Q

tse tse flies

A

trypanosomes

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18
Q

triatomid bugs

A

T. cruzi

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19
Q

sandflies

A

leishmania

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20
Q

sexually transmitted

A

T. vaginalis

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21
Q

parasitic protozoa living in blood

A

African trypanosomes

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22
Q

Parasitic protozoa living within erythrocytes

A

Plasmodium spp.

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23
Q

parasitic protozoa living in macrophages

A

Leishmania, Toxoplasma gondii

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24
Q

typically flattened and leaf-shaoed with 2 muscular suckers

A

trematodes or flukes

25
Q

trematodes are hermaphrodites except

A

schistosomes

26
Q

most fluke infections are acquired by

A

ingestion of metacercariae

27
Q

directly penetrate the skin of theirs host and do not encyst as metacercariae

A

schistosomes

28
Q

flat and have ribbon-like chain of
segment (proglottids) containing
male and female reproductive
structures

A

cestodes or tapeworms

29
Q

Adults tapeworms have no
mouth or gut and absorb their
nutrients directly from their host
through their

A

integument

30
Q

examples of cestodes

A

Cysticercus - Taenia solium , Hydatid cyst - Echinococcus granulosus

31
Q

exampkes of nematodes

A 
Trichinella spiralis,
hookworms,
pinworms,  
Ascaris  spp,  and
filarial worms
32
Q

They only have a set of longitudinal muscles which allows them to move in a whiplike, penetrating fashion

A

nematodes or roundworms

33
Q

t or f

nematodes or roundowrms have a complete digestive system

A

t

34
Q

inhabit the gut

A

tapeworms and adult hookworms

35
Q

live in blood vessels

A

adult schistosomes

mesenteric vessels/urinary bladder plexus- schistosoma haematobium

36
Q

live in the lymphatics

A

some filarial worms

37
Q

hallmark of schistosomiasis

A

pipe stem liver (portal hypertension)

38
Q

great variety of antigen

A

Trypanosoma
Giardia lamblia
Ascaris lumbricoides

39
Q

infective stage of the malarial parasite transmitted by the mosquito

A

sporozoite

40
Q

in malaria, the __________ of sporozoite induces the production of antibodies that do not react with the eryhthrocytic stage

A

protein coat

41
Q

different stages, different surface antigens

A

trichinella spiralis

42
Q

invasive form of the blood stage of the malarial parasite

A

merozoit

43
Q

The merozoit bind to certain
receptors on erythrocyte and uses a
specialized organelle -______ - to enter the
cell

A

the rhoptry

44
Q

use complement receptor,

mannose-fucose receptor (lectin pathway).

A

lesihmania

45
Q

able to invade
and multiply in all nucleated mammalian cells,
can infect immature mammalian erythrocytes,
insect cell cultures, and the nucleated
erythrocytes of birds and fish.

A

Toxoplasma gondii

46
Q

T or F

Tapeworm of the pig can also infect humans

A

T

47
Q

first line mech

A

innate immunity (humoral, cellular)

48
Q

cellular mech

A

macrophage and PMNs

49
Q

humoral mechanisms of innate immunity

A

complement
alternative mediators
cytokines

50
Q

complement

A

alternative pathway

lectin-mediated pathway

51
Q

A primate specific, innate cytolytic defense

mechanism

A

alternative mediators

52
Q

alternatove mediators cause resistance of humans to

A

african trypanosomes and plasmodium spp

53
Q

composed of several common apolipoproteins
(high density lipoproteins) and a haptoglobin-related
protein (Hrp)

A

Trypanosome lysis factor 1 (TLF1)

54
Q

contains a unique igM component and has a lower lipid content

A

TLF 2

55
Q

are normally associated with regulation

and activation of cells of the immune system

A

cytokines

56
Q

is directly involved in innate immunity to T. brucei

A

TNF alpha

57
Q

TNF∝ binds and is internalized to

A

T. brucei–>cytolysis

58
Q

The susceptibility of parasites to this

mechanism is specific:

A

o Insect stages are resistant to lysis
o Only parasites isolated during the peak of
parasitemia are lysed by TNF∝

59
Q

cellular mech

A

Macrophages • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Mast cells • Platelets • NK cells • NK T cells • 🇾δ T cells• B1 cells

MICROBIOLOGY (5 decks)

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