Intro To Loco Flashcards
What is the difference between flexion and extension
flexion decreases the angle between the bones (bending of the joint), while extension increases the angle and straightens the joint
What is a synovial joint (explain how these are further classified)
A synovial joint is the type of joint found between bones that move against each other
synovial joints are often further classified by the type of movements they permit. There are six such classifications: hinge (elbow), saddle (carpometacarpal joint), planar (acromioclavicular joint), pivot (atlantoaxial joint), condyloid (metacarpophalangeal joint), and ball and socket (hip joint).
What is an epicondyle
Epicondyle = a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone, serving as a place of attachment for ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
What does the word ‘ossifies’ mean?
Ossifies= turn into bone or bony tissue.
Where is your hyoid bone, what is it’s function and why is it famous?
Your hyoid bone is in the front of your neck. It supports your tongue and plays a key role in speaking and swallowing. Connected to nearby structures via ligaments, muscles and cartilage, your hyoid bone is the only “floating” bone in your body.
How many vertebrae is the spine made up of, name them and how many there are of each!
The spine is made up of 33 vertebrae articulated together. These vertebrae are divided into 5 regions
• 7 Cervical vertebrae
• 12 Thoracic vertebrae
• 5 Lumbar vertebrae
• 5 Sacral vertebrae
• 4 Coccygeal vertebrae
All vertebrae share some features, such as the vertebral body, vertebral foramen, spinous process, transverse processes, lamina and pedicle. The size and shape of these features varies across the regions.
N.b Can’t These Losers Sniff Coke
How many carpal bones are there in the hand?
How many metacarpal bones in the hand?
How many phalanges on one hand?
8 carpal bones in one hand
5 metacarpal bones in one hand
14 phalanges bones in one hand 🤚
What is the joint between the femur and tibia called and what movement does it permit
between the end of the thigh bone (femur) and the top of the shin bone (tibia) is called the tibiofemoral joint (a synovial hinge joint) . Movement it permits is flexion and extension (and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation).
What is the joint between the femur and the kneecap and what movement does it permit. What is the medical name for kneecap?
Kneecap is patella
The joint between femur and kneecap is called PATELLOFEMORAL joint (plane joint) . As a gliding joint, the patella has movement in multiple planes. These motions include superior/inferior glide, medial and lateral glide, medial and lateral tilt, and medial and lateral rotation.
What is meant by the term ‘gliding’ in anatomy
What is gliding? Gliding occurs when the surfaces of bones slide past one another in a linear direction, but without significant rotary or angular movement.
An example of this movement is moving your hand back and forth (left to right) in a waving motion, which causes gliding to occur at the joints of the carpals (wrist bones)
What is retinaculum
A retinaculum ( pl. : retinacula) is a band of thickened deep fascia around tendons that holds them in place. It is not part of any muscle. Its function is mostly to stabilize a tendon. The term retinaculum is Neo-Latin, derived from the Latin verb retinere (to retain).
what are the 3 categories of joint and explain them
Fibrous Joints (Synarthroses):
Structure: bones are joined by fibrous tissue and have no joint cavity. They are designed to fit tightly together and are generally immovable.
Movement Permitted: Fibrous joints allow for little or no movement. An example is the sutures of the skull, which hold the skull bones together firmly.
Cartilaginous Joints (Amphiarthroses):
Structure: formed where the bones are connected by cartilage. There’s still no joint cavity, but the connection allows for more movement than fibrous joints.
Movement Permitted: permit limited movement, such as bending or twisting. E.g. intervertebral discs of spine that allow for some movement and provide cushioning.
Synovial Joints (Diarthroses):
Structure: unique structure with bones that are not directly connected but come into contact within a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. This structure is surrounded by an articular capsule and often supported by ligaments.
Movement Permitted: These joints are the most mobile type of joint in the body. The range of movement can vary depending on the specific type of synovial joint:
Hinge joints like the elbow and knee allow for bending and straightening motions.
Ball-and-socket joints like the shoulder and hip allow for a wide range of movement in almost all directions.
Pivot joints, like the joint between the first and second vertebrae in the neck, allow for rotational movement.
Saddle joints, such as the thumb joint, permit a grasping motion.
Gliding joints, such as those in the wrists, allow bones to glide past one another in any direction.
Condyloid joints, like the wrist’s radiocarpal joint, allow for movement but no rotation.
