Intro to Intellectual Impairment Flashcards
What is the definition of a learning disability?
- A learning disability is a reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities - for example household tasks, socialising or managing money - which affects someone for their whole life
Intellectual disability involves problems with general mental abilities that affect functioning in 2 areas. What are these 2 areas?
- Intellectual functioning (such as learning, problem solving, judgement) - this can be mild, moderate or severe
- Adaptive functioning (activities of daily life such as communication and independent living)
How much of the population is affected by an intellectual disability and what % of that have a mild disability?
- Intellectual disability affects about 1% of the population, and of those about 85% have mild intellectual disability
Who is more likely to be diagnosed with an intellectual disability: males or females?
- Males are more likely than females to be diagnosed with an intellectual disability
Give examples of terms that are acceptable to use to label a learning disability? (4)
- Person with an intellectual impairment
- Person with a learning disability
- Person with a learning difficulty
- Developmental delay
Give examples of terms that are unacceptable to use to label a learning disability? (5
- Intellectually disabled
- Mentally retarded
- Mentally handicapped
- Learning disabled people
- Special needs
When using terms to describe a person with an intellectual impairment what is the most important thing?
- If going to use terms and labels to describe them as a group the most important thing is that they are seen as a person
What are global terms in health and social care that are used for someone with an intellectual impairment? (3)
- Person with additional care needs
- Person with additional support needs
- Person who requires special care
Impairment and disability are different things. What is an impairment?
- In the context of health experience an impairment is any loss or abnormality or psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. Impairment is considered to occur at the level of organ or system function. Disability is concerned with functional performance or activity, affecting the whole person
Impairment and disability are different things. What is a disability?
- In the context of health experience a disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being
What is the WHO definition of a disability?
- Disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions
What is the WHO definition of an impairment?
- A problem in body function or structure
What is the WHO definition of an activity limitation?
- A difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action
What is the WHO definition of a participation restriction?
- A problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations
Look at slides on social vs medical models
:)
What are barriers to a social model? (6)
- Segregated social provision
- Inflexible organisational procedures and practices
- Inaccessible information
- Inaccessible buildings
- Inaccessible transport
- Negative cultural representations
What is the preconseptive, hereditary cause of a learning disability?
- Parental genotype
What is the preconseptive, environmental cause of a learning disability?
- Maternal health
What is the pre-natal, hereditary cause of a learning disability?
- Chromosomal genetic
What are the pre-natal, environmental causes of a learning disability? (4)
- Infection
- Maternal health
- Nutrition
- Toxic agents
What are the perinatal, environmental causes of a learning disability? (2)
- Prematurity
- Injury
What is the post-natal, hereditary cause of a learning disability?
- Untreated genetic disorders (PKU)
What are the post-natal, environmental causes of a learning disability? (6)
- Infection
- Trauma
- Toxic agents
- Nutrition
- Sensory
- Social deprivation
Give examples of syndromes that are associated with learning disabilities? (6)
- Autistic spectrum disorders
- Down’s syndrome
- Cerebral palsy
- Fragile X syndrome
- Prader Willi
- PKU
What is down’s syndrome?
- A neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic origin affecring chromosome 21
- Most commonly DS is due to a full trisomy of chromosome 21 (95%)
- Small number of cases is sue to mosaicism (2-4%)
- Inherited chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosome 21 (2-4%)
What are classical features seen in a person with Down’s syndrome? (16)
- Growth failure
- Flat back of head
- Abnormal ears
- Many ‘loops’ on finger tips
- Palm crease
- Special skin ridge patterns
- Unilateral or bilateral absence of one rib
- Intestinal blockage
- Umbilical hernia
- Abnormal pelvis
- Diminished muscle tone
- Broad flat face
- Slanting eyes
- Epicanthic eyefold
- Short nose
- Short and broad hands
- Small and arched palate
- Big, wrinkled tongue
- Dental anomalies
- Congenital heart disease
- Enlarged colon
- Big toes widely spaced
What is the single greatest risk factor for down’s syndrome?
- Advanced maternal age
What are medical features that can commonly affect a person with down’s syndrome? (9)
- Congenital heart defects
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Epilepsy
- Leukaemia
- Hearing impairment
- Diabetes mellitus
- Coeliac disease
- Thyroid disease
- Intellectual impairment
Which chromosome is affected in Prader Willi disease?
- 15
What are some common features of prader willi disease? (6)
- Constant desire to eat food
- Restricted growth, leading to short stature
- reduced muscle tone (hypotonia)
- Learning difficulties (but may have normal IQ)
- Lack of sexual development
- Behavioural problems, such as temper tantrums or stubbornness
What is cerebral palsy?
- A neurological condition that affects movement and co-ordination
Give some common features of cerebral palsy? (6)
- Muscle stiffness or floppiness
- Muscle weakness
- Random and uncontrolled body movements
- Balance and co-ordination problems
- Defined by movement, limbs affected or severity
- Does NOT necessarily mean you have a learning disability
What is cerebral palsy defined by?
- Movement, limbs affected or severity
Who is involved in the learning disability team? (7)
- Medical doctor
- Psychiatry
- Social work
- Specialist nurse
- Occupational therapist
- Mutrition/dietican
- SLT
