Intro to Immunity

Question 1

Innate Immunity

Answer 1

• lacks memory
• immediate response
• necessary or will die from infections

Question 2

Acquired/Adaptive Immunity

Answer 2

• recognize foreign invaders with specificity
• retains memory
• takes time to generate an initial response
• generates lymphocytes
• distinguish self vs non-self
• antigen driven

Question 3

Antigens

Answer 3

• molecules of foreign invaders that are recognized by and stimulate the generation of lymphocytes with specificity

Question 4

Vaccines

Answer 4

• contain antigens to stimulate the adaptive immune system

Question 5

Steroids

Answer 5

• suppress the immune responses

Question 6

Antibiotics

Answer 6

• animal may have an allergic response to them

- > stimulated by acquired immune

Question 7

What shouldn’t you do if you are dealing with an infection?

Answer 7

• DO NOT suppress the immune system

- > AKA NO STEROIDS (corticosteroids)

Question 8

How does the body encounter antigens?

Answer 8

1. Natural exposure such as infection
2. Allergen
3. Vaccine - we inject the antigen

Question 9

Humoral Acquired Immunity

Answer 9

• B-lymphocytes are the main player
• > make antibodies (MHC II, CD4)
• target extracellular

Question 10

Cell Mediated Immunity

Answer 10

• T-lymphocytes are the main player (MHC-1, CD8)

- targets HOST cells that are infected with intracellular pathogens and target tumor cells

Question 11

Key difference in specificity between the innate and acquired immune systems

Answer 11

• acquired requires the use of cell-surface receptors to recognize foreign invaders
• > cell surface receptors can bind molecules on the surface of foreign invaders

Question 12

Cells of the Innate System

Answer 12

• limited number of preformed receptors that bind shared or similar molecules expressed by many different microbes
• response is immediate because the receptors are preformed and generic

Question 13

Cells of the Adaptive System

Answer 13

• can generate and express billions of new and unique receptors that bind to specific molecules on different foreign invaders
• takes time to do this with the very first encounter

Question 14

Passive Immunity

Answer 14

• acquired immunity from one animal (antibody usually) that is naturally or artificially given to another animal
  Ex: Antibody in colostrum
  Ex 2: made by one animal, harvested and given to another by vet

Question 15

Passive Immunity Rabies Vaccinated/Unvaccinated Person Example

Answer 15

1. Unvaccinated Person
   - has no antibody when bitten, so given
   - > 4 injections of rabies vaccine (antigen) and human rabies immunoglobin (antibody)
2. Vaccinated Person
   - has antibody, so given
   - > 2 injections of vaccines ONLY