Intro to Hypertension

Question 1

Blood Pressure (BP) =

Answer 1

Cardiac Output (CO) x Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

Question 2

To control blood pressure, adjust:

Answer 2

1. Volume of blood the heart pumps
2. Diameter of arteries
3. Volume of blood in the bloodstream

Question 3

What are the primary factors controlling blood pressure?

Answer 3

Sympathetic nervous system
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
Plasma volume (kidneys)

Question 4

___% of CV deaths are associated with HTN

Answer 4

41

Question 5

Starting at 115/75 mm Hg, every ↑ __ mmHg systolic & __ mmHg diastolic blood
pressure → risk of death from heart disease or strokes DOUBLES

Answer 5

20; 10

Question 6

Blood pressure stages

Answer 6

Normal BP = <120/<80 mm Hg
Elevated BP = 120-129/<80 mm Hg
Hypertension Stage 1 = 130-139 or 80-89 mm Hg
Hypertension Stage 2 = ≥140 or ≥90 mm Hg

Question 7

Prehypertension → hypertension (~___% within 4 years)

Answer 7

50

Question 8

Features of Primary essential HTN

Answer 8

● Most common (90-95% of the population)
● No obviously underlying cause
● Often due to multiple risk factors (obesity, sleep apnea, increased salt intake, excessive alcohol use, age, etc.)

Question 9

~___% of pts have HTN secondary to specific identifiable causes

Answer 9

5-10

Question 10

Secondary HTN causes

Answer 10

● Sleep apnea
● Drug-induced or drug-related
● Chronic Kidney Disease
● Primary aldosteronism
● Renovascular disease
● Pheochromocytoma
● Coarctation of the aorta
● Thyroid or parathyroid disease
● Long-term corticosteroid therapy & Cushing syndrome

Question 11

The USPSTF recommends screening for high blood pressure in adults aged ____ years or older

Answer 11

18

Question 12

Use the mean of ___ readings when obtaining patient BP

Answer 12

2