Intro to Human Movement - Week 3 - Joint and Muscle Physiology

Question 1

What are the various types of muscle contractions?

Answer 1

Isotonic:
- concentric: muscle shortens while generating force
- eccentric: muscle lengthens while under tension

Isometric:
- Muscle generates force without changing its length

Isokinetic:
- Muscle contracts at a constant rate throughout the entire range of motion.

Question 2

What is the sliding filament theory?

Answer 2

The thick myosin filaments attach themselves to the thin actin filaments.
These cross-bridges pull (or slide) actin filaments toward the M-line, drawing
the Z-lines closer together (shortening the muscle).

Question 3

What are the names of joints classified based on movement?

Answer 3

Diarthrosis - freely moveable

Amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable

Synarthrosis - immovable

Question 4

What are the named of joints based on structure classification?

Answer 4

Synovial: articulating surfaces enclosed within a fluid-filled joint capsule. e.g knee or shoulder

Cartilaginous - articulating surfaces connected by cartilage. e.g. Intervertebral discs.

Fibrous: articulating surfaces by fibrous tissue. e.g. skull structures.

Question 5

What are the parts that make up a synovial joint?

Answer 5

Articular cartilage

A thick fibrous outer layer

A think synovial inner layer

Synovial fluid

Question 6

List the various parts of muscle structure.

Answer 6

Myofibrils
-> Muscle fiber
-> Muscle fascicle
-> Muscle bundle
-> Muscle

Question 7

What are the surrounding connective tissues in muscle structures?

Answer 7

Endomysium
- surrounds each muscle fiber

Perimysium
- surrounds each muscle fascicle

Epimysium
- surrounds entire muscle

Question 8

List the various types of muscle.

Answer 8

Skeletal:
- straited
- mutli-nucleated
- voluntary control
- contractions - rapid, powerful, not sustained

Cardiac:
- straited
- single nuclei
- intercalated discs
- Involuntary
- Contractions - moderately rapid, not sustained

Smooth:
- non-striated
- single nuclei
- involuntary
- spindle shaped
- contractions - slow, sustained, propel food