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Psychology Of Communication > Intro To Human Communication > Flashcards

Intro To Human Communication Flashcards

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1
Q

Studying communication improves…

A
  • The way you see yourself
  • The ways others see you
  • Your relationship with others
  • …and teaches important life skills
  • …your confidence to voice your opinions and give the chance to others to voice their own opinions
  • …succeed professionally
  • …can help to navigate a diverse world.
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2
Q

Communicating with yourself…

A
  • Intrapersonal communication.
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3
Q

Communicating with others…

A
  • interpersonal communication.
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4
Q

Communication is the process of…

A
  • Using messages to generate meaning.
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5
Q

Communication is a process because it is…

A
  • an activity
  • an exchange
  • a set of behaviour
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6
Q

The process of communication is…

A
  • continuous

- always changing…

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7
Q

Messages are…

A
  • verbal and non-verbal symbols, signs and behaviours.
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8
Q

Understanding requires …

A

A common meaning for words, phrases and non-verbal codes.

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9
Q

The source is…

A

The person initiating communication.

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10
Q

The receiver is…

A

The person receiving the message

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11
Q

The message is…

A

Verbal or non-verbal form of idea.

  • messages are intentional or not intentional ie: facial expressions can expose angriness or anxiety.
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12
Q

Symbols are…

A
  • words and phrases
  • facial expressions
  • gestures
  • physical contact
  • tone of voice
  • other non-verbal codes
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13
Q

The channel is…

A

The means by which a message moves from the source to the receiver.

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14
Q

Feedback …

A

The receiver’s response to the source

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15
Q

Code…

A

A systematic arrangement of symbols that create meaning in other people’s minds.

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16
Q

Verbal codes…

A

Symbols and their grammatical arrangements.

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17
Q

Non-verbal codes…

A
  • symbols that are not words
  • body movements
  • use of space and time
  • clothing and other adornments
  • sounds that aren’t words ie: a sigh.
  • non-verbal codes that also include oral codes ie: pitch, duration, rate of speech and sounds.
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18
Q

Encoding…

A

Translating idea into code of produced messages.

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19
Q

Decoding…

A

Assigning meaning to ideas of received messages

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20
Q

Noise…

A
  • interferes with the encoding and decoding process, making it harder to receive, provide and interpret feedback.
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21
Q

Noise can be physical…

A
  • loud sounds
  • distracting signs
  • food stuck in someone’s teeth (visual)
  • unusual behaviour ie: standing too close to another person (spatial)
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22
Q

Noise can be mental or semantic…

A
  • daydreaming
  • worrying about bills
  • pain
  • uncertainty
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23
Q

The final component of communication is…

A
  • the situation - location of where communication takes place.
  • the relationship and channel can affect the situation.
24
Q

Communication begins with the self…

A
  • people feel the same way as they are treated ie: intelligent. It is the belief that people are products of the messages sent by others.
25
Q

Communication is..

A
  • participatory

… we are actively involves and responsive to comm.

26
Q

According to George Herbert Mead…

A

…the self originates through comm.

- any messages we receive, play a role in determining who we are.

27
Q

A dialogue is the…

A

Act of taking part in a convo, discussion or negotiation.

28
Q

Comm has both

A

…a content and relational dimensions

  • relational messages are harder to understand
29
Q

The variables used in comm have a…

A

… strong influence.

Variables:
- verbal, non-verbal, behavioural aspects, choices of channels used, audience characteristic, situation.
A change in one variable can affect the whole comm process.

30
Q

Comm involves…

A

…choices, implications and risks, ie: choosing not to tell someone what you really think is a CHOICE.

31
Q

Quantity does not increase quality…

A

…quantity does not necessarily bring on harmony or accuracy.

Quantity does not always lead to positive outcomes:

  • poor listening skills
  • empathy skills
  • misunderstanding vast quantities of info.
32
Q

Communication is pervasive…

A

…it occurs all the time.

  • you are always communicating with yourself - intrapersonal.
  • through comm we gather observations and draw conclusions.
  • when a person in yawning - boredom.
  • when a person looks the other way - disinterested.
33
Q

Inner dialogue …

A
  • constant internal discussion with yourself
  • observing others
  • making assumptions
  • planning
34
Q

What factors influence relationships and communication?

A
  • nature of relationship ie: employer and employee
  • context surrounding the relationship
  • goals of individuals involved
35
Q

Comm is complicated…

A
  • misunderstandings prevent effective comm
  • harder to understand what is going on if comm is complicated
  • if you repeat info coming from unreliable source.
36
Q

Comm cannot be reversed…

A
  • cannot go back in time to erase messages

Understanding this makes you more aware of future convos.

37
Q

Comm can’t be repeated.

A
  • can’t recreate the convo completely identical.
38
Q

Comm occurs in context…

A
  • a set of circumstances and situations.

In colleges and universities:

  • interpersonal & intrapersonal comm
  • interviews
  • small group comm ie: lecture setting
  • public speaking
  • mass comm
  • computer-mediated comm (CMC)
39
Q

Intrapersonal comm…

A
  • generates meaning with only the self. We are continually engaged in this type of comm.
  • occurs when observing interactions with others.
  • occurs before and after other forms of comm
  • includes: solving probs internally, planning for future, evaluating yourself and relationships with others.
  • some argue that since intrapersonal comm doesn’t occur between 2 or more people, then it isn’t really a type of comm. they reason that it should be studied in fields relating to the brain.
40
Q

Interpersonal comm…

A
  • generates meaning between 2 or more ppl, allowing for mutual opportunities to speak and listen.
  • includes: solving probs, resolving conflicts, share info, improve thoughts on oneself, fulfil social needs.
  • through this type of comm, we establish rels.
41
Q

Dyadic comm…

A
  • 2 person comm, ie: interview, a couple, interaction between 2 strangers.
  • face to face discourse
  • social media helps to maintain interpersonal rels.
42
Q

Small group comm…

A
  • occurs within a small group of ppl, ie: families, study groups.
43
Q

Public speaking…

A
  • a single speaker confronts a number of receivers.
  • receivers in public comm give non-verbal codes or question/answer feedback.
  • recognised by its formality, structure and planning.
  • persuades, informs, entertains, pays tributes etc.
44
Q

Mass comm…

A
  • generates meaning between a source and large number of unseen receivers.
  • always has a mediator between sender and receiver
  • a person engages in mass comm through statements on twitter, posting a video, writing for a campus newsletter etc.
  • taught in journalism, tv etc.
  • smartphones have become 1 easily accessible portal that’s converged traditional forms of media ie: radio.
45
Q

Digitally mediated comm (DMC) …

A
  • conducted through new comm tech.
  • email, FB etc… - engaging in DMC.
  • voice, data, video, audio etc.
  • DMC can be used anywhere using an internet connection.
  • dyadic to mass-mediated messages.
  • synchronous and asynchronous.
46
Q

Synchronous…

A
  • instant sending and receiving of messages, ie: text message interactions and face-to-face.
47
Q

Asynchronous…

A
  • small or substantial delay in interaction, ie: discussion posts.
48
Q

Comm competence…

A
  • the ability to effectively exchange meaning through symbols and behaviours.
  • competence can be difficult because of the different goals ppl have.
  • cultural differences cause us to view the world and others differently.
  • differences create problems in interactions.
49
Q

Comm as a process…

A
  • meaning might change over time.
  • saying something twice does not necessarily mean the same thing.
  • what was said, to whom and in which context.
  • the meaning of a symbol is not always the same regardless the situation.
50
Q

Comm creates our social worlds…

A
  • violence on tv and video games might affect people.
  • how we communicate is responsible for creating our social worlds.
  • comm creates reality.
51
Q

Comm is adaptive and functional…

A
  • comm needs to be clear, free from ambiguity
  • ambiguity still has advantages, ie: can make differences seem less apparent, enhances creativity and foster’s collaboration.
52
Q

Understanding ethical (moral principles)comm..

A
  • ethical standards differ from 1 discipline to another, differing between cultures.
  • ethics violated when listening to politicians, activists etc.
53
Q

Understanding comm theory and research…

A
  • good theories provide clear narratives of how things work.

- theories are developed to understand causes, processes and effects of comm.

54
Q

Characteristics of comm…

A
  • symbolic: represents something else, ie: object, idea… can be a word, picture, logo etc.
  • requires meaning
  • cultural
  • relational
  • involves frames
  • both representational and presentational
  • works like a transaction
55
Q

Signs are…

A
  • consequences/indicators of something specific.
  • not able to change by human arbitrary.

*symbols and signs are not the same

56
Q

Symbols…

A
  • have no direct connection to what they represent.
  • used amongst different cultures
  • symbols differ in meaning depending on relational context, ie: saying ‘I love you’ differs in meaning depending on who it is being directed at.
  • meanings are attached to symbols and can be modified as time progresses.
57
Q

Culture

A
  • comm is cultural
  • cannot be separated from comm
  • culture and comm reinforce one another.

Psychology Of Communication (6 decks)

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