intro to histopath techniques Flashcards

1
Q

what is histopathologic techniques

A

Provide the basic concepts about the principles
and technicalities involved in histopathologic
procedures

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2
Q

Provide skills in tissue preparation from fresh
to properly mounted specimen.

A

histopathologic techniques

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3
Q

The art and science performed by the
histotechnologist to produce a tissue section of
good quality.

A

histotechnology

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4
Q

Processing of Tissue

A

studying tissues
whether normal or abnormal is by examination of their sections & smears
which have been permanently preserved, stained & mounted on glass slides with
cover slips for permanent keeping

  • Effective means of studying tissues whether normal or abnormal
  • Examination of sections & smears which have been permanently preserved
  • Stained & mounted on glass slides with cover slips for permanent keeping.
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5
Q

why examine histopathologic specimen

A

Determine if the sample is benign or malignant

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6
Q

procedures adoptedfor the preparation of material for such studies

A

Histologic or Histopathologic technique

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7
Q

fresh tissue

A
  • protoplasmic activities
  • mitosis
  • phagocytosis
  • pinocytosis
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8
Q

what is preserved tissue?

A
  • observe in lifelike manner
  • through the action of fixative solution
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9
Q

methods of fresh tissue examination

A
  • teasing or dissociation
  • squash preparation
  • smear preparation
  • frozen section
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10
Q

advantages of fresh tissue

A
  • examined in the living state thereby allowing protoplasmic activities such as mitosis, motion, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis to be observed
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11
Q

disadvantage of fresh tissue

A

its use has been limited

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12
Q

most common procedure of fresh tissue examination

A

frozen section

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13
Q

A process whereby a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic salt solution,

A

teasing or dissociation

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14
Q

fresh tissue is unstained by

A

phase contrast or bright field microscopy

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15
Q

fresh tissue is stained with

A

differential dyes (methylene blue)

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16
Q

hypertonic solution

A

cell will shrink

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17
Q

hypotonic solution

A

cell will swell

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18
Q

A process whereby small pieces of tissue not more than 1 mm in diameter are placed in a microscopic slide and forcibly compressed with another slide or
with a cover glass

A

squash preparation or crushing

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19
Q

useful in cytologic examination

A

smear preparation

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20
Q

what is smear preparation?

A

cellular materials are spread lightly over a slide by
means of a wire loop or applicator.

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21
Q

used for cancer diagnosis

A

smear preparation

22
Q

With an applicator stick or platinum loop, the material
is rapidly and gently applied in a direct or zigzag line throughout the slide

23
Q

Gently spread into a moderately thick film by teasing the mucous strands apart with an applicator stick

24
Q

2 slides are then pulled apart in a single uninterrupted
motion

A

pull apart

25
Q

Brought into contact and pressed on to the surface
of a clean glass slide

A

Touch Preparation (Impression Smear)

26
Q
  • For fresh sputum and bronchial aspirates
  • For thick mucoid secretions
27
Q

Allowing the cells to be transferred directly to the
slide for examination by Phase Contrast microscopy
or stained for light microscopic study

A

Touch Preparation (Impression Smear)

28
Q

atmospheric temperature of cold chamber

29
Q

Recommended for lipids and nervous tissue

A

frozen section

30
Q

methods used for freezing

A

ü Liquid nitrogen
ü Isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen
ü Carbon dioxide gas
ü Aerosol sprays

31
Q

tissue processing in order

A

fixation > dehydration > clearing > section cutting > trimming > embedding > infiltration (impregnation) > staining > mounting > labeling

32
Q

disadvantage of liquid nitrogen

A

crystallization of soft specimen ; crackening

33
Q

particularly for muscle biopsies

A

isopentane

34
Q

conventional freezing microtome gas

A

carbon dioxide gas

35
Q

often referred to as “cut-up”

36
Q

involves careful examination and description of the specimen its - appearance, - number of pieces and dimensions

37
Q

the most important processes in which the pathologist arrives at a diagnosis

A

Gross Examination of Specimens

38
Q

Criteria for rejection of gross specimen

A

*Discrepancies between the requisition and specimen label
* *Specimen with no labels, or mislabeled
* *Leaking specimen container
* *Absent clinical data or history - Pre Op - Operative and Post Op
* *Inappropriately identified specimen

39
Q

to identify and orient the spec component

40
Q

for indicating laterality

41
Q

represented as
* *LL – long lateral
* *SS- short superior

A

suture attaches

42
Q

measurement of standard cassette

A

3.0x2.5x0.4 cm

43
Q

Responsibility of a technician

A

vSpecimen preservation.
v Specimen labeling, logging and identification.
vPreparation of the specimen to facilitate their gross and microscopy.
vRecord keeping

44
Q

inking

A
  • resection margins
  • embedding instruction
  • orientation
  • acetic acid
  • identify the cut surfce
45
Q

Two methods of preparing frozen
sections

A
  • Cold Knife Procedure
  • Cryostat procedure
46
Q

Tissue blocks can be frozen by adapting a conventional freezing microtome gas supply of
carbon dioxide gas from a C02 cylinder, or by using a specially made piece of equipment
known as cryostat

A

Cold Knife Procedure

47
Q

consists of an insulated microtome housed in an electrically driven
refrigerated chamber and maintained at temperatures near -20°C, where microtome,
knife, specimen and atmosphere are kept at the same temperature.

A

Cryostat Procedure

48
Q

Methods used of Freezing

A

Liquid nitrogen
Isopentane
Carbon dioxide gas
Aerosol sprays adequate for freezing small pieces
rapidly freezing blocks of any type of tissue.

49
Q

Rapid pathologic diagnosis during surgery

A

frozen section

50
Q

Recommended for lipids and nervous tissue

A

frozen section