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Histopath Lec > Intro To Gen Path > Flashcards

Intro To Gen Path Flashcards

1
Q

Cells work together in functionally related
groups

A

Tissues

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2
Q

Types of tissues

A
  1. Epithelial – lining and covering
  2. Connective – support
  3. Muscle – movement
  4. Nervous – control
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3
Q
  • Covers a body surface or lines a body
    cavity
  • Forms most glands
A

Epithelial Tissue

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4
Q

Most diverse and abundant tissue

A

Connective Tissue

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5
Q

Main classes of connective tissue

A

– Connective tissue proper
– Blood – Fluid connective tissue
– Cartilage
– Bone tissue

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6
Q

Components of connective tissue

A

– Cells (varies according to tissue)
– Matrix

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7
Q

Common embryonic origin

A

mesenchyme

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8
Q

Structures of Connective Tissue Proper

A
  • cells
  • fibers
  • ground substance
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9
Q

Cells found in connective tissue proper

A

– Fibroblasts
– Macrophages, lymphocytes (antibody producing cells)
– Adipocytes (fat cells)
– Mast cells
– Stem cells

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10
Q

What are the fibers

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

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11
Q

branching fibers with a wavy appearance

A

Elastic

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12
Q

very strong & abundant, long & straight

A

Collagen

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13
Q

fills the extracellular space

A

Ground substance

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14
Q

Classifications of Connective Tissue Proper

A

Loose connective tissue
Dense Connective Tissue

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15
Q

What are Loose Connective Tissue

A

– Areolar
– Reticular
– Adipose

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16
Q

What are Dense Connective Tissue

A

– Regular
– Irregular
– Elastic

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17
Q

largely composed of
unilocular lipid-filled
adipocytes that specialize in
lipid storage,

A

White adipose tissue

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18
Q

largely composed of
multilocular adipocytes that
specialize in lipid burning.

A

Brown adipose tissue

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19
Q

Long, cylindrical cells

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

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20
Q

Spindle-shaped cells with
central nuclei

A

Smooth Muscle Tissue

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21
Q

Branching cells

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

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22
Q

Occurs in walls of heart

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

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23
Q

attached to bones

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

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24
Q

Location of smooth muscle

A

walls of hollow organs

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25
Q

Voluntary movement

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

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26
Q

Involuntary control

A

Smooth Muscle Tissue

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27
Q

Uni-nucleate

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

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28
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

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29
Q

Obvious striations

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

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30
Q

No striations

A

Smooth Muscle Tissue

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31
Q

is composed of
neurons supported by
a framework of glial
cells and microglia

A

Nervous Tissue

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32
Q

Processes of these
cells combine to form
a delicate fibrillary
background

A

Neurophil

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33
Q

Receive and transmit electrical signals

A

Neurons

34
Q

Surround the neurons and provide support and insulation between them

A

Glial cells

35
Q

Major phagocytic cells in CNS

A

Microglia

36
Q

Major supporting cells in the brain

A

Astrocytes

37
Q

Wrap around the axons of neurons to form myelin

A

Oligodendrocytes

38
Q

Line ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord

A

Ependymal cells

39
Q

What is pathology?

A

Study of disease

40
Q

It involves the investigation of the causes
of disease and the associated changes at
the levels of cells, tissues, and organs,

A

Pathology

41
Q

any disturbance / abnormal variation in
the structure and/or function of the body

A

Disease

42
Q

The causes of disease

A
  • environmental factor
  • genetic factor
  • combination of environmental genetic factor
43
Q

Environmental factor

A
  1. Physical agent
  2. Chemicals
  3. Nutritional deficiencies and excesses
  4. Infections and infestations
  5. Immunological factor
  6. Psychogenic factor
44
Q

Example of physical agent

A

trauma, radiation,
extremes of temperature,
and electric power

45
Q

Example of nutritional deficiencies and excesses

A

• poor supply,
• interference with
absorption,
• inefficient transport
within the body, or
• defective utilization.

46
Q

Examples of Infections and infestations

A
  • viruses, bacterial, fungi, protozoa
47
Q

Example of Immunological factors

A
  • Hypersensitivity reaction
  • Immunodeficiency
  • Autoimmunity
48
Q

The mental
stresses imposed
by conditions of life,
particularly in
technologically
advanced
communities.

A

Psychogenic factor

49
Q

The different stages in the
natural history of disease

A

Exposure to various risk
factors
Latency
Biological onset of disease
Incubation (induction) period
The clinical onset of the
disease
The onset of permanent
damage
Death

50
Q

PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF DISEASE

A

–Etiology
–Pathogenesis
–Morphologic changes
– Functional derangements and Clinical
Significance

51
Q

the origin of a disease, including
the underlying causes and modifying
factors

A

Etiology

52
Q

refers to the steps in the
development of disease

A

pathogenesis

53
Q

refer to the structural
alterations in cells or tissues
that occur following the
pathogenetic mechanisms

A

Morphologic
changes

54
Q

determine the clinical
features, course, and
prognosis of the
disease.

A

Functional
derangements and
clinical significance

55
Q

any indication of a disease perceived
by the patient.

A

Symptoms

56
Q

objective findings noticed by the doctor on
examination of the patient

A

Signs

57
Q

start of the disease

A

Onset

58
Q

prediction of the outcome of the
disease

A

Prognosis

59
Q

outcome of the disease

A

Fate

60
Q

new disease conditions that may
occur during or after the usual course of the original
disease.

A

Complications

61
Q

Study of the basic reactions of cells and tissues to pathologic stimuli that underlie all diseases

A

General pathology

62
Q

Study of the particular responses of specialized organs and tissues to well-defined stimuli

A

Systemic pathology

63
Q

SUBDIVISIONS OF PATHOLOGY

A
  • GROSS PATHOLOGY
  • CELLULAR PATHOLOGY
  • SURGICAL PATHOLOGY:
  • CLINICAL PATHOLOGY:
  • IMMUNOPATHOLOGY:
64
Q

refers to
macroscopic anifestations
of disease in organs,
tissues, and body cavities

A

Gross Pathology

65
Q

is the study of tissues removed from living patients during surgery to help
diagnose a disease and
determine a treatment plan

A

Surgical Pathology

66
Q

Histopathology and
cytopathology are key
diagnostic tests in the initial
detection and diagnosis of
cancer and other diseases
supported by modern
molecular techniques

A

Cellular Pathology

67
Q

The science and practice
of medical diagnosis by
laboratory examination
and analysis of tissue
specimens body fluids and other samples.

A

Clinical Pathology

68
Q

is a branch of medicine that
deals with immune responses associated with
disease.

A

Immunopathology

69
Q

Diagnostic techniques used in Pathology

A
  • Histopathology
  • Cytopathology
  • Hematopathology
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Microbiological examination
  • Biochemical examination
  • Cytogenetics
  • Molecular techniques
  • Autopsy
70
Q

studies
tissues under the
microscope

A

Histopathological
techniques

71
Q

tissue sample
from a living person to
identify the disease.

A

biopsy

72
Q

Biopsy can be either

A

incisional or excisional

73
Q

study
of cells from various body
sites to determine the
cause or nature of disease

A

Cytopathologic techniques

74
Q

this is a method by which
abnormalities of the cells
of the blood and their
precursors in the bone
marrow are investigated
to diagnose the different
kinds of anemia &
leukemia

A

Hematological
examination

75
Q

combines histological,
immunological and
biochemical techniques for the
identification of specific tissue components by means of a specific antigen/antibody
reaction tagged with a visible
label

A

Immunohistochemistry

76
Q

This is a method by which
body fluids, excised tissue,
etc. are examined by
microscopical, cultural and
serological techniques to
identify micro-organisms
responsible for many
diseases.

A

Microbiological
examination

77
Q

This is a method by which
the metabolic disturbances of disease are investigated by assay of various normal and abnormal compounds in the blood and urine

A

biochemical examination

78
Q

This is a method in which
inherited chromosomal
abnormalities in the germ cells
or acquired chromosomal
abnormalities in somatic cells
are investigated using the
techniques of molecular
biology

A

Clinical genetics
(cytogenetics)

79
Q

Different molecular
techniques

A

fluorescent in situ
hybridization (FISH)
– Southern blot

80
Q

can be used to detect
genetic diseases.

A

Southern blot

81
Q

examination of the dead body to identify the
cause of death.

A

autopsy

Histopath Lec (2 decks)

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