INTRO TO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
What does this describe?
A disciplinary field that is a behavioural medicine concerned with health, illness, and related dysfunction
Health psychology
Clinical health psychology:
a) addresses prevention and management of occupational stress
b) addresses management of symptoms and psychological consequences of symptoms
c) addresses community-wide health needs and health-care systems
a) clinical healthy psychology addresses management of symptoms and psychological consequences of symptoms
Addresses prevention and management of occupational stress refers to?
Occupational health psychology
What kind of health psychology addresses community-wide health needs and health-care systems?
Community Health Psychology
T or F: Clinical Health Psychology is a recognized speciality that investigates and implements clinical services across diverse populations and settings to promote health and well-being and to prevent, treat and manage illness and disability.
True
What populations are served in clinical health psychology?
Anyone with a disease that could be prevented, treated or rehabilitated through psychological techniques or procedures.
In clinical health psychology the focus is on problems that present ____________ .
a) emotional complaints
b) mental - health complaints
c) physical complaints
c) physical complaints
list the people who might receive clinical health psychology services
a) healthy people
b) people with elevated risk for disease
c) people with acute health problems or complex healthcare needs
d) people with chronic diseases
What are the four skills and procedures of clinical health psychology?
Assessment
Consultation
Evaluation
Intervention
What word classifies clinical interviewing, medical record viewing and behavioural observation?
Assessment
What word classifies evidence-based psychotherapy and behavioural interventions?
Intervention
What word classifies discussion with health care team and multidisciplinary teams ?
Consultation
What word classifies using research methods to develop and evaluate practices?
Evaluation
What kind of psychology does working in the context of acute injury and traumatic brain injury fall under?
Rehabilitation Psychology
What do we call psychology that integrates scientific research and clinical practice to address psychological aspects of children’s medical conditions, promoting healthy behaviours in children and their families?
Pediatric Psychology
What two philosophers held a holistic view of health?
Hippocrates and Galen
Who believed that the mind and the body were part of the same system
Hippocrates and Galen
Who founded Cartesian Dualism?
Rene Descartes
What did Cartesian Dualism say?
The mind and body are seperate entities
What concept explains the belief that illness can be found in the body alone?
Cartesian Dualism
What was psychosomatic medicine initially?
Focused on illness behaviour that could be attributed to psychological causes, emphasizing etiology and pathogenesis of physical disease .
Who coined the term psychosomatic medicine?
Johann Chrisitan August Heinroth
Who is the father of modern psychiatry?
Benjamin Rush
Who believed that certain symptoms represented manifestations of unconscious conflicts?
Sigmund Freud
Who found that physical disease can be the result of fundamental nuclear, or psychological conflict?
Franz Alexander
Who is the founding editor of Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine?
Helen Flanders Dunbar
Who invented the biopsychosocial model?
Guze + Matarazzo + Saslow
What forms the conceptual basis of health psychology?
Biopsychosocial Model
What concept separates the physical and the psychosocial of a disease?
Medical model of disease
What concept integrates the biological, psychological, and social factors on health?
Biopsychosocial Model
Explain the biopsychosocial model through the example of someone with diabetes.
Biological factors (some people inherit a tendency to gain more weight or a slower metabolic rate)
Psychological factors (depression and low self-esteem can lead a person to eat more calorie-dense foods such as in desserts and/or to become physically inactive)
Social factors (socio-economic factors such as in ability to afford healthier foods that may be more expensive than “junk food”; absence of social support)
All can contribute to the problem as well as play an important role in one’s ability to lose weight and maintain the weight loss.
What model posits that readiness to take action concerning health problems is a function of beliefs about health conditions and perception of the benefits of taking action to prevent health problems?
Health Belief Model
What is an example of belief about health condition?
- Perceived severity
- Perceived risk
- Perceived barriers to action
Explain how taking your medication is seen in the health belief model.
Whether or not someone takes the medication will be partially dictated by their disease, the risk of the medication, the barriers to taking it and any perceived benefits to take it.
The social cognitive theory believes that human behaviour is reflected in a three-way model. What are the 3 models?
Interaction of :
Personal factors
Environmental influences
Behaviour
This refers to what concept?
How the patient talks to themselves.
Ex: “yes I have pain, but if I adhere to my treatment plan, I can overcome it”
Self-Efficacy
What concept does this refer to:
“I am an active and independent person, even though I am recovering from surgery.”
Self-Concept
What are the central constructs in social cognitive theory?
Reinforcement
Observational learning
Self-control
Self-efficacy
What are the six stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change?
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination
What model of behaviour change refers to the “stages of change people may experience when modifying health behaviours” ?
Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change (TTM)
What stage is this in TTM?
“I’m going to quit within the next 6 months…”
Contemplation
What stage is this in TTM?
“I just bought a self help book to learn how to break my habit”
Preparation
What stage is this in TTM?
“I just started using nicotine patches”
Action
What stage is this in TTM?
“Hmmm… I might quit smoking, but I don’t have any plan”
Pre-contemplation
In social cognitive theory, what model does this refer to:
“People’s beliefs about their ability to effectively address a situation and to yield desirable results”
Self-efficacy
T or F
Social Cognitive Theory helps explain the socio-cultural; and personal determinants of health
True
What theory says that our behaviour is determined by 3 types of beliefs?
1) beliefs about others
2) normative beliefs
3) control beliefs.
Theory of Planned Behaviour
What kind of belief is this:
Whether we exercise or not may be influenced by our beliefs about whether exercise is beneficial
Behavioural Belief
What kind of belief is this:
beliefs about whether others expect us to be physically active
Normative beliefs
What kind of belief is this:
Beliefs about how much control we have over our actions, such as whether we can afford to purchase exercise gear
Control belief
Behavioural beliefs lead to favourable + unfavourable __________ about the behaviour.
attitudes
Normative beliefs lead to perceived social pressure related to the _____________________ .
subjective norm.
Control beliefs lead to a __________ of ____________ control.
perception of behavioural control.
What theory describes the way people process and cope with health threats?
The common-sense model (CSM) of self-regulation
What does the common-sense model of self-regulation suggest ?
Individuals form a lay view of their health based on various sources of information which guides their coping responses
Which model suggests there is a continuous feedback between the efficacy of how people cope with health threats and their perceptions of the health threat?
Common-sense model of self-regulation
Which Perspective believes that:
Thoughts, behaviour and emotions are interconnected and thus our behaviours and emotions also influence our thoughts.
Cognitive Behavioural Perspective
What is the short-term, goal-oriented, and present-day focused therapy that helps patient identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts and learn individual skills that will assist with or improve their health condition?
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
What was developed to address the needs of patients in pediatric settings by bringing together clinical, health and developmental psychology?
Pediatric Psychology
T or F: “Pediatric psychologist was first defined as dealing primarily with children in a medical setting which is non-psychiatric in nature”
True, today, pediatric psychology is a specialized field within psychology that integrates scientific research and clinical practice to address medical conditions and promotion of health behaviours in children + their families.
Who might be called on to help children with diabetes manager their treatment regiment?
Pediatric Psychologist
List five main tasks of a pediatric psychologist.
Coping with chronic medical conditions
Adherence to pediatric treatment regimens
Coping with medical procedures
Pediatric chronic pain
Pediatric palliative care
A Survery of cancer children and their parents found what three stressors are associated with childhood cancer?
a) decrease in self-esteem, interruptions in daily role functioning, tarnished parent-child relationship
b) physical effects associated with treatment, disruption in academic outcomes, decrease in self-esteem
c) interruptions in daily role functioning, physical effects associated with treatment, uncertainty about the cancer
c)
interruptions in daily role functioning (missing school days)
physical effects associated with treatment (nauseous)
uncertainty about the cancer (concerns about longevity)
T or F: childhood cancer survey reported high levels of stress associated with interruptions in daily role functioning.
True
T or F: “Use of behavioural strategies, such as distraction, are less common in early childhood”.
False, coping strategies are MORE common in early childhood and they can DEVELOP into more complex cognitive strategies (cognitive restructuring) in later childhood.
What is the best-known coping questionnaire for 7-16 year olds?
Kidcope
What can self-efficacy to manage pain be influenced by:
a) observations of how family members have coped with pain + our personal experiences of coping with pain
b) personal experiences of coping with pain
c) observations of family coping with pain
a) BOTH observation of family and personal experience coping with pain.
