Intro to Health Promotion Program Planning Flashcards
WHAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION PLANNING? Involves? (3)
o Decisions based on the gathering and analysis of a wide range of information
o Involves a variety of approaches that include:
– Strategic planning
– Program planning
– Operational planning
Why is project planning and management so important? What’s critical? A lack of may lead to?
- When these elements are managed well, project outcomes may be greater than expected.
o Participation by stakeholder groups is critical to achieving the best results.
o a lack of participation may lead to decisions being overruled, delayed, challenged, or questioned by either internal or external stakeholders.
Mismanagement of time and missed deadlines can result in? Poor management of budgets and other resources may lead to?
o lost opportunities, decreased impact of the project, and greater stresses in partner relationships.
o unanticipated costs and even an inability to complete the project.
Ill-informed decisions result from? (3) GOOD DECISIONS TAKE? (3)
o misleading, weak, or incomplete databases.
o TIME, CREATIVITY, AND A SUPPORTIVE CLIMATE.
Project planning/mgmt consists of? (4)
-»> Needs assessment -> Program planning -> Program implementation -> program evaluation -»»
Steps in the Planning Process? (6)
1: pre-planning & project mgmt
2: situtation assessment
3: identify goals, populations of interest, and objectives
4: identify strategies, activities, and resources
5: develop indicators
6: evaluate the program plan
Each step involves what elements? (7)
- Participation
- Process
- Time
- Money and Other Resources
- Data Gathering
- Role of Theory
- Decision Making
Step 1 - first thing to assess? That entails? (2)
Participation
• Who should be involved and how?
• Identifying and Working with Stakeholders
Step 1 - Identify Stakeholders who are? (4) Define each.
Ø core, supportive, involved and peripheral (think of
organizations and individuals).
o Core: on the situational team
o Supportive: providing some form of support
o Involved: frequently consulted or part of process
o Peripheral: need to be kept informed
Step 1 - 2nd thing to assess? That entails? (3) 3rd thing to assess?
Time
• When can planning begin?
• When should it end?
• How much time is available?
Money and Other Resources
• Inventory available resources
Step 1 - 4th thing to assess? That entails? (2) 5th thing?
Data Gathering
• Identify what data is available, how and
when new data might be gathered.
• Identify how new and existing data will be
analyzed.
Decision-Making
• Identify when and how key decisions will
be made.
Step 1 - 6th thing to assess? Which ones? (3)
Role of Theory
o The model, set of beliefs and assumptions, or theory
you use to collect and interpret data, makes a
difference in planning.
Ø Biomedical Approach
Ø Behavioral Approach
Ø Socio-environmental Approach
Step 1 - Each model focuses on? Most health promotion programming is a?
- different information
about the topic or population of interest
and suggests a range of different strategies.
o mixture of all three approaches and
related-data collection.
Biomedical Approach Concerned with? i.e?
o the processes of disease
and its impact (usually amenable to medical intervention).
o i.e.:
ØIn heart disease, you would focus on screening
for cholesterol and high blood pressure, and be
concerned with the availability of drugs that
control blood pressure and cholesterol.
Behavioral Approach Concerned with? i.e?
o behaviors and how
behaviors lead to disease and disability.
o i.e.:
ØStrategies for addressing heart health might
include education (benefits of a low fat diet and
physical activity), special programs to
encourage people to quit smoking, programs to
lower stress in the workplace, and lobbying the
food industry to provide low fat alternatives
Behavioral approach entails? (3) When used alone, this model has been criticized for?
o Collected data: levels of smoking, physical activity,
consumption of fat, and presence of stress in
workplace.
o Goals and objectives: set in terms of these
outcomes as well as the blood cholesterol and
pressure measures from the biomedical model.
o encouraging a“blame the victim” approach in HP
programming
Socio-environmental Approach Concerned with? These factors include such determinants of health as? (9)
o the conditions in the
psychosocial, socioeconomic, and physical
environments which create conditions for illhealth
or wellness.
Ø housing, security, belonging to a community, adequate income, food, clean air,
clean water, safe working conditions, etc.
Socio-environmental Approach
HP strategies in this model include? (4) Example for heart health?
- political advocacy, community development,
public health policies, and creating supportive environments in addition to
developing personal skills.
ØFor heart health, this could mean advocacy with
businesses to provide opportunities for physical
activity in the workplace, advocacy with
government to provide adequate levels of
income support, and working with isolated
individuals to develop a sense of community
Step 2 includes? (8)
- Stakeholder Perspectives
- Literature and Previous Experience
- Health-Related Data
- Mandates
- PEEST Analysis
- Information Gaps
- Possible Features of Project Design
- Can you proceed?
Step 2 - Stakeholder Perspectives - list whom? Identify? (2)
• List those individuals and organizations who have a
stake in your project or the issues(s) addressed by
your project.
• What are the views of the stakeholders you have
identified concerning your intended project?
• Who wants it, who doesn’t, who has clear ideas for
it?
Step 2 - Literature and Previous Experience entails asking? Listing some?
• What does the literature say about similar
types of projects and how they should be
designed?
• List some of the things you know already
and what previous evaluations related to
your project topic have stated
Step 2 - Health-Related Data - list? Mandates - list? Identify?
• List the health and disease issues facing your
community (from available data).
• List the groups and organizations with a
mandate related to your intended project.
• Identify those who might be interested in
collaborations or partnerships.
Step 2 - What is a PEEST analysis? What to ask regarding information gaps?
• Examine the political, economic,
environmental, social and technological
factors that may affect your project.
- What are your information gaps?
- What information would you like to know?
Step 2 - Possible Features of Project Design - Identify? Which factors? (3)
- aspects of your project that need to be considered in any design, including population of interest, activities, timelines, and so forth.
oEnabling Factors
oPredisposing Factors
oReinforcing Factors
What are Enabling Factors?
• factors which could help your project such as
availability and accessibility of resources, or services
that facilitate achievement of motivation to
change behavior.
What are predisposing Factors? examples? (6)
“factors that exert their effects prior to a behavior
occurring, by increasing or decreasing a person or
population’s motivation to undertake that particular
behavior”
• Beliefs, awareness of knowledge, values, attitudes, selfefficacy,
existing skills …
What are reinforcing Factors? Examples? (3)
- factors that reward or reinforce the desired
behavior change”
• social support, economic rewards, social norms
Step 2 - what to consider when determining if you can proceed? (3)
– Who needs to be involved?
– What information are you going to need?
– How much time do you have?
Step 3 entails? (3)
- goal of the project
- populations of interest
- objectives
Steps 3 - goal of the project - state?
• State what you want to achieve in concrete
positive terms.
Steps 3 - populations of interest - looking at?
• Looking at the key factors and the data/
research you have done for your community,
which groups of people or factors require
special attention to achieve the goal?
Steps 3 - objectives - take?
• Take each factor and turn it into an objective, incorporating the population of interest and key factor.
Acronym for key features of well-crafted program objective?
• S pecific (clear and precise) • M easurable (amenable to evaluation) • A ppropriate (i.e., realistic) • R easonable (i.e., realistic) • T imed (specific time frame provided for achievement of objective)
Step 4 - first you? For each? Select?
1 Brainstorm Potential Strategies
• For each population of interest and objective
from the previous steps, generate a list of
possible ideas for health promotion strategies.
• Select those that are most appropriate given
budgets, skills, effectiveness, etc.
Step 4 - what is a strategy? They identify? What are activities? They are?
- This is the means through which changes will be made.
- Strategies identify the vehicles for how the program will be provided.
- Activities describe the specific ways that the strategy will be applied.
- They are the specific actions to be taken within a certain time period.
What are some health promotion strategies? (6)
• Counseling and Skill Development • Education • Social Marketing • Self-help/Mutual Support • Community Mobilization and Development • Health Public Policy
Step 4 - 2nd step? This entails identifying? (5)
2 Select the Best Strategies and Identify Specific Activities
- Population(s) of interest:
- Objectives:
• Strategies: List the best strategies.
• Activities: List specific activities for each
strategy.
• Implementers: List who will implement the
activities.
Step 4 - 3rd step? List? (5)
- 3 Review Current Activities
• List the current activities to be dropped, continued, changed and what changes are warranted.
• List those activities that are new or need to
be developed.
Step 4 - 4th step? This entails? (3)
- Assess Resources (financial and people) • Resources required to implement the plan. • Resources available. • Gaps in resources.
Step 5 - develop? (6)
- Long-term Objectives
- Short-term Objectives
- Program Strategies and Activities
- Long-term Outcome Indicators
- Short-term Outcome Indicators
- Process Indicators
Last step? This entails? (10)
- Evaluate Entire Program
1. Population(s) of Interest
2. Long-term Objectives
3. Long-term Outcome Indicators
4. Short-term Objectives
5. Short-term Outcome Indicators
6. Strategies
7. Goal
8. Activities
9. Process Indicators
10. Resources
PRECEDE-PROCEED Model is a? It guides? It views?
- a cost–benefit evaluation framework that can help health program planners, policy makers and other evaluators, analyze situations and design health programs efficiently.
- it guides planners through a process
- it views health behavior as influenced by individual and environmental factors
Define precede?
Predisposing, Reinforcing, Enabling Constructs in Educational/ Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation
Define proceed?
Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development
Precede-proceed model steps 1-5 = ? 6-9 = ?
- Steps 1-5: diagnostic
- Steps 6-9: implementation &
evaluation
Precede-proceed model step 1 = ? Understand? Survey?
Step 1 – Social Assessment
– Understand the needs of the community you wish to target with respect to a specific health problem.
– Survey your intended audience.
Precede-proceed model step 2 = ? Review?
• Step 2 – Epidemiological Assessment
– Review literature to determine health problem – document which health problems are most important for which groups in a community.
Precede-proceed model step 3 = ? Determine?
• Step 3 – Behavioral and Environmental Assessment
– Determine factors which contribute to health problem under
consideration.
Precede-proceed model step 4 = ? Identify?
• Step 4 – Educational and Ecological Assessment
– Identify factors which will initiate and sustain the change
process.
Precede-proceed model step 5 = ? Consists of planning?
• Step 5 – Administrative and Policy Assessment – Planning of intervention – identifies policies & resources that may help or hinder the implementation of a program.
Precede-proceed model step 6 - 9 = ? Measure? Use?
• Implementation and Evaluation
– Measure efficacy of program with respect to changes in behavior, health, and quality of life.
– Use data to refine intervention to optimize outcomes.
What is MAP-IT?
A Guide To Using
Healthy People 2020 in Your
Community
What is healthy people 2020?
• A comprehensive set of 10-year,
national goals and objectives for
improving the health of all Americans.
Healthy People 2020 - Leading Health Indicators is a? About? Includes? That will be?
– A smaller set of Healthy People 2020
objectives:
ohigh-priority health issues and actions that can
be taken to address them.
– 12 topics with 26 indicators:
o These will be tracked, measured and reported
on regularly throughout the decade
What are the leading health indicators? (12)
1 Access to Health Services 2 Clinical Preventive Services 3 Environmental Quality 4 Injury and Violence Prevention 5 Maternal, Infant, and Child Health 6 Mental Health 7 Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity 8 Oral Health 9 Reproductive and Sexual Health 10 Social Determinants 11 Substance Abuse 12 Tobacco
MAP IT consists of? (5) It’s a guide to?
- mobilize -> assess -> plan -> implement -> track
• a guide to mobilize partners, assess community need, create and implement a program plan, and
track community progress.
Questions to ask and answer during mobilize? (4) Start by? Identify?
• What is the vision and mission of the coalition?
• Why do I want to bring people together?
• Who should be represented?
• Who are the potential partners (organizations and
businesses) in my community?
• Start by mobilizing key individuals and organizations
into a coalition.
• Identify roles for partners and assign responsibilities.
Questions to ask and answer during assess? (3) Assess both? Work? Start?
• Who is affected and how?
• What resources do we have?
• What resources do we need?
• Assess both needs and assets (resources) in your
community.
• Work together as a coalition to set priorities.
• Start collecting State and local data to paint a realistic
picture of community needs.
Assess- questions to ask about The Roots of the Issue: Social Determinants of Health? (5)
- How does the physical environment affect the health of your
community? - How does access to health services affect the health of your
community? - How do biology and genetics affect the health issue you are
trying to address? - How does the social environment affect the health of your
community? - How does individual behavior affect the health issue you are
trying to address?
Questions to ask and answer during plan? (3) A good plan includes? Consider? Think about?
• What is our goal?
• What do we need to do to reach our goal? Who will
do it?
• How will we know when we have reached our goal?
• A good plan includes clear objectives and concrete
steps to achieve them.
• Consider your intervention points - where is change
going to be created?
• Think about how you will measure your progress.
Questions to ask and answer during implement? (2) Create? Identify? Get?
• Are we following our plan?
• What can we do better?
• Create a detailed work-plan that lays out concrete action steps,
identifies who is responsible for completing them, and sets a
timeline and/or deadlines.
• Identify a single point of contact to manage the process and
ensure that things get done.
• Get the word out: develop an action and communication plan
Questions to ask and answer during track? (4) Plan? Evaluate? (5)
• Are we evaluating our work? • Did we follow the plan? • What did we change? • Did we reach our goal? • Plan regular evaluations to measure and track your progress over time.
Evaluate: • Data Quality • Limitations of Self-Reported Data • Data Validity and Reliability • Data Availability • Share your progress—and successes—with your community.
