Intro to Health Behavior Notes

Question 1

What is the central concern of health education?

Answer 1

Health behavior

Question 2

What does health behavior encompass?

Answer 2

Actions of individuals, groups, and organizations, as well as their determinants, correlates, and consequences

Question 3

Name three aspects of health behavior beyond observable actions

Answer 3

Mental events, feeling states, and cognitive elements

Question 4

What types of determinants are included in health behavior?

Answer 4

Beliefs, expectations, motives, values, perceptions, cognitive elements, and personality characteristics

Question 5

How does health behavior relate to social change and policy development?

Answer 5

Health behavior is linked to social change, policy development & implementation, improved coping skills, and enhanced quality of life

Question 6

In health behavior, what are some examples of cognitive elements?

Answer 6

Beliefs, expectations, and perceptions.

Question 7

What is the definition of behavior?

Answer 7

The manner in which something acts, functions, responds, or reacts.

Question 8

Define health behavior

Answer 8

The actions, responses, or reactions of an individual, group, or system that prevent illness, promote health, and maintain quality of life

Question 9

What are the two types of health behaviors?

Answer 9

Individual health behavior and group health behavior

Question 10

According to Parkerson et al. (1993), what does health behavior include?

Answer 10

The actions of individuals, groups, and organizations, as well as their determinants, correlates, and consequences, including social change, policy development and implementation, improved coping skills, and enhanced quality of life.

Question 11

What are some examples of health behaviors?

Answer 11

Condom use, smoking, using seatbelts, eating healthy, exercising 5x a week, drug use, completing prescribed medication, getting a PAP test.

Question 12

Is health behavior necessarily motivated by concerns about health?

Answer 12

No, health behavior is not necessarily motivated or influenced by concerns about health.

Question 13

Why is changing health behavior complex?

Answer 13

Because behavior is influenced by many factors, and changing it requires a deep understanding of a range of influences.

Question 14

What must be understood before behavior can be changed?

Answer 14

The determinants of behavior.

Question 15

What are some behavioral and environmental causes of obesity?

Answer 15

Marketing of unhealthy food, overeating, lack of exercise

Question 16

How does the availability of healthy food affect dietary choices?

Answer 16

The lack of supermarkets and farmers’ markets in low-income neighborhoods can limit access to healthy food options.

Question 17

What factors influence decisions about what people eat?

Answer 17

Attitudes, beliefs, sociocultural norms related to diet, and the availability of healthy food

Question 18

What are some considerations when deciding what makes a good meal?

Answer 18

Ethnic foods and personal preferences.

Question 19

What factors influence decisions to engage in physical activity?

Answer 19

Cost, time, access, possibility of incorporating physical activity into daily life, physical characteristics of the built environment, and motivation

Question 20

What are the three categories of health behaviors?

Answer 20

Preventive behavior, illness behavior, and sick-role behavior

Question 21

What is preventive behavior?

Answer 21

Health-related behaviors of people who are healthy and try to maintain their health.

Question 22

What is illness behavior?

Answer 22

Behavior undertaken by individuals who perceive themselves to be ill and seek relief or definition of illness.

Question 23

What is sick-role behavior?

Answer 23

The treatment plan and actions taken once an individual is diagnosed with a disease.

Question 24

What has been a major concern over the past 20 years regarding health?

Answer 24

Preventing disability, disease, and death through lifestyle changes.

Question 25

How have the leading causes of death shifted in recent years?

Answer 25

There has been a transition from infectious diseases to chronic diseases as the leading causes of death.

Question 26

What is a significant aspect of many diseases today?

Answer 26

Many diseases have some type of behavioral aspect.

Question 27

Name three examples of chronic diseases.

Answer 27

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer.

Question 28

What defines infectious diseases?

Answer 28

Infectious diseases are transmitted through a specific form of contact.

Question 29

What are chronic diseases?

Answer 29

Chronic diseases manifest over time, are not always apparent, and may be long-lasting or recurring

Question 30

What are infectious diseases?

Answer 30

Diseases transmitted through a specific form of contract

Question 31

Name three examples of infectious diseases.

Answer 31

HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, pneumonia.

Question 32

How might the environment influence the spread of chronic diseases?

Answer 32

Through factors such as air quality, access to healthy food, and opportunities for physical activity.

Question 33

How might the environment influence the spread of infectious diseases?

Answer 33

through factors like sanitation, clean water access, and living conditions that affect disease transmission.

Question 34

How might one's behavior influence the spread of chronic diseases?

Answer 34

Behaviors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking can contribute to the development and progression of chronic diseases.

Question 35

Health Behavior is considered as complex meaning

Answer 35

It is influenced by many factors

Question 36

What is the state of a person during preventative health behavior

Answer 36

Healthy

Question 37

What is the state of a person during illness health behavior

Answer 37

Perceives health problem

Question 38

What is the state of a person during Sick role health behavior

Answer 38

Receives diagnosis

Question 39

What are the 3 dimensions of health behavior

Answer 39

Complexity, Volitionality and Frequency

Question 40

Complexity involves

Answer 40

Higher levels of knowledge or resources to preform simple behaviors

Question 41

What is an example of complexity

Answer 41

The correct use of the male condom, which involves 10 steps

Question 42

Frequency includes

Answer 42

Behaviors that can be frequent and repetitive, one time only or periodic

Question 43

Example of Frequency in health behavior

Answer 43

Frequent: Diet & exercise One time only: medical screening Periodic: Mammogram

Question 44

Volitionality includes

Answer 44

the degree of personal control over the behavior

Question 45

High volitionality refers to

Answer 45

A person having complete control over preforming a behavior

Question 46

Low volitionality refers to

Answer 46

Requires reliance on external resources

Question 47

What type of diseases account for the majority of deaths in the U.S. and worldwide

Answer 47

Chronic disease

Question 48

Name four major chronic diseases

Answer 48

1. Heart disease 2. Cancer 3. Lung disease 4. Diabetes

Question 49

What are behavioral factors that contribute to mortality

Answer 49

Tobacco use Diet Physical activity sexual activity

Question 50

Name three infectious diseases that continue to be threat

Answer 50

Malaria Ebola Tuberculosis

Question 51

Which group is more vulnerable to infectious diseases

Answer 51

Elderly and infants

Question 52

What role does socioeconomic status play in the impact of infectious disease

Answer 52

Affects the access to healthcare and resources

Question 53

What are the current leading causes of death

Answer 53

1. Heart disease 2. Cancer 3. Stroke 4. Chronic Lung Disease 5. Accidents 6. Pneumonia/ Influenza 7. Diabetes 8. AIDS 9. Suicide

Question 54

How much does the U.S. government spend per person on disease compared to prevention

Answer 54

The government spends: $1,390 per person on treatment vs. $1.21 per person on prevention

Question 55

Why is prevention emphasized in healthcare

Answer 55

It is cost effective and can reduce prevalence of disease

Question 56

What is the main goal of health education?

Answer 56

Close the gap between what is known of health practice and what people actually do

Question 57

What is included in health education

Answer 57

1. Instruction activity 2. Strategies to change individual health practices 3 3.Organizational efforts to change behavior 4. Policy directives 5. economic supports 6. Environmental activities 7. Mass Media Campaigns 8. Community level programs

Question 58

What is health promotion

Answer 58

A combination of health education and related organizational supply that aims to conduct the health of individuals, groups and communities

Question 59

How is the scope of health behavior changing

Answer 59

It is changing due to the introduction of new technologies and an increased demand for strategies to facilitate behavior change

Question 60

What are the 3 types of theories

Answer 60

1. Explanatory theories 2. Change theories 3 Implementation theories

Question 61

How do explanatory theories assist in problem solving

Answer 61

They are used to identify the causes of a problem and predict the behavior of individuals

Question 62

What is the benefit of change theories?

Answer 62

this theory type guides the development of interventions and form a basis for evaluation

Question 63

What is the benefit of implementation theories

Answer 63

This theory links to a specific problem and audience

Question 64

What are the characteristics of Theory

Answer 64

It should be: Generalizable, Testable and Abstract