Intro to Health Behavior Notes Flashcards
What is the central concern of health education?
Health behavior
What does health behavior encompass?
Actions of individuals, groups, and organizations, as well as their determinants, correlates, and consequences
Name three aspects of health behavior beyond observable actions
Mental events, feeling states, and cognitive elements
What types of determinants are included in health behavior?
Beliefs, expectations, motives, values, perceptions, cognitive elements, and personality characteristics
How does health behavior relate to social change and policy development?
Health behavior is linked to social change, policy development & implementation, improved coping skills, and enhanced quality of life
In health behavior, what are some examples of cognitive elements?
Beliefs, expectations, and perceptions.
What is the definition of behavior?
The manner in which something acts, functions, responds, or reacts.
Define health behavior
The actions, responses, or reactions of an individual, group, or system that prevent illness, promote health, and maintain quality of life
What are the two types of health behaviors?
Individual health behavior and group health behavior
According to Parkerson et al. (1993), what does health behavior include?
The actions of individuals, groups, and organizations, as well as their determinants, correlates, and consequences, including social change, policy development and implementation, improved coping skills, and enhanced quality of life.
What are some examples of health behaviors?
Condom use, smoking, using seatbelts, eating healthy, exercising 5x a week, drug use, completing prescribed medication, getting a PAP test.
Is health behavior necessarily motivated by concerns about health?
No, health behavior is not necessarily motivated or influenced by concerns about health.
Why is changing health behavior complex?
Because behavior is influenced by many factors, and changing it requires a deep understanding of a range of influences.
What must be understood before behavior can be changed?
The determinants of behavior.
What are some behavioral and environmental causes of obesity?
Marketing of unhealthy food, overeating, lack of exercise
How does the availability of healthy food affect dietary choices?
The lack of supermarkets and farmers’ markets in low-income neighborhoods can limit access to healthy food options.
What factors influence decisions about what people eat?
Attitudes, beliefs, sociocultural norms related to diet, and the availability of healthy food
What are some considerations when deciding what makes a good meal?
Ethnic foods and personal preferences.
What factors influence decisions to engage in physical activity?
Cost, time, access, possibility of incorporating physical activity into daily life, physical characteristics of the built environment, and motivation
What are the three categories of health behaviors?
Preventive behavior, illness behavior, and sick-role behavior
What is preventive behavior?
Health-related behaviors of people who are healthy and try to maintain their health.
What is illness behavior?
Behavior undertaken by individuals who perceive themselves to be ill and seek relief or definition of illness.
What is sick-role behavior?
The treatment plan and actions taken once an individual is diagnosed with a disease.
What has been a major concern over the past 20 years regarding health?
Preventing disability, disease, and death through lifestyle changes.
How have the leading causes of death shifted in recent years?
There has been a transition from infectious diseases to chronic diseases as the leading causes of death.
What is a significant aspect of many diseases today?
Many diseases have some type of behavioral aspect.
Name three examples of chronic diseases.
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer.
What defines infectious diseases?
Infectious diseases are transmitted through a specific form of contact.
What are chronic diseases?
Chronic diseases manifest over time, are not always apparent, and may be long-lasting or recurring
What are infectious diseases?
Diseases transmitted through a specific form of contract
Name three examples of infectious diseases.
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, pneumonia.
How might the environment influence the spread of chronic diseases?
Through factors such as air quality, access to healthy food, and opportunities for physical activity.
How might the environment influence the spread of infectious diseases?
through factors like sanitation, clean water access, and living conditions that affect disease transmission.
How might one’s behavior influence the spread of chronic diseases?
Behaviors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking can contribute to the development and progression of chronic diseases.
Health Behavior is considered as complex meaning
It is influenced by many factors
What is the state of a person during preventative health behavior
Healthy
What is the state of a person during illness health behavior
Perceives health problem
What is the state of a person during Sick role health behavior
Receives diagnosis
What are the 3 dimensions of health behavior
Complexity, Volitionality and Frequency
Complexity involves
Higher levels of knowledge or resources to preform simple behaviors
What is an example of complexity
The correct use of the male condom, which involves 10 steps
Frequency includes
Behaviors that can be frequent and repetitive, one time only or periodic
Example of Frequency in health behavior
Frequent: Diet & exercise
One time only: medical screening
Periodic: Mammogram
Volitionality includes
the degree of personal control over the behavior
High volitionality refers to
A person having complete control over preforming a behavior
Low volitionality refers to
Requires reliance on external resources
What type of diseases account for the majority of deaths in the U.S. and worldwide
Chronic disease
Name four major chronic diseases
- Heart disease
- Cancer
- Lung disease
- Diabetes
What are behavioral factors that contribute to mortality
Tobacco use
Diet
Physical activity
sexual activity
Name three infectious diseases that continue to be threat
Malaria
Ebola
Tuberculosis
Which group is more vulnerable to infectious diseases
Elderly and infants
What role does socioeconomic status play in the impact of infectious disease
Affects the access to healthcare and resources
What are the current leading causes of death
- Heart disease
- Cancer
- Stroke
- Chronic Lung Disease
- Accidents
- Pneumonia/ Influenza
- Diabetes
- AIDS
- Suicide
How much does the U.S. government spend per person on disease compared to prevention
The government spends:
$1,390 per person on treatment vs. $1.21 per person on prevention
Why is prevention emphasized in healthcare
It is cost effective and can reduce prevalence of disease
What is the main goal of health education?
Close the gap between what is known of health practice and what people actually do
What is included in health education
- Instruction activity
- Strategies to change individual health practices 3
3.Organizational efforts to change behavior - Policy directives
- economic supports
- Environmental activities
- Mass Media Campaigns
- Community level programs
What is health promotion
A combination of health education and related organizational supply that aims to conduct the health of individuals, groups and communities
How is the scope of health behavior changing
It is changing due to the introduction of new technologies and an increased demand for strategies to facilitate behavior change
What are the 3 types of theories
- Explanatory theories
- Change theories
3 Implementation theories
How do explanatory theories assist in problem solving
They are used to identify the causes of a problem and predict the behavior of individuals
What is the benefit of change theories?
this theory type guides the development of interventions and form a basis for evaluation
What is the benefit of implementation theories
This theory links to a specific problem and audience
What are the characteristics of Theory
It should be:
Generalizable, Testable and Abstract
