Intro to Genetics

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

Units of heredity, code for a trait or protein, sections of DNA

Question 2

Proteins

Answer 2

Made from RNA

Question 3

RNA

Answer 3

Made from DNA

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Made of DNA and the histone proteins they wrap around (humans have 23 pairs)

Question 5

Autosomes

Answer 5

Sex chromosome (only 1 in humans out of the 23)

Question 6

Alleles

Answer 6

is an alternate form of a gene

Question 7

Mutations

Answer 7

Variation in DNA sequence

Question 8

multifactorial trait

Answer 8

Some traits are determined by genes and an environmental components

Question 9

genome

Answer 9

a complete set of genetic instructions in a cell includes DNA that encodes proteins as well as other DNA

Question 10

bioethics

Answer 10

deals with privacy, confidentiality, and discrimination

Question 11

genomics

Answer 11

new field of investigation looking at how genes interact as well as comparing genomes

Question 12

karyotype

Answer 12

pictures of chromosomes stained with dyes to create different patterns

Question 12

exome

Answer 12

the 1 to 2 percent that encodes protein 20,325 protein encoding genes

Question 13

evolution

Answer 13

changing allele frequencies in population

Question 14

polymorphism

Answer 14

many forms that varies in 1% or more of the population

Question 15

single nucleotide polymorphism

Answer 15

3 million SNP’s (pronounced snips) in exome

Question 16

microarray

Answer 16

test include both disease causing mutations or where people differ

Question 17

cell differentiation

Answer 17

specialized cells relate to function

Question 18

stem cells

Answer 18

retain their ability to differentiate further (brain has some newly discovered) blood marrow has many

Question 19

genotype

Answer 19

underlying instruction

Question 20

phenotype

Answer 20

physical characteristic

Question 21

transmission genetics

Answer 21

study of traits in a family

Question 22

pedigree

Answer 22

charts used to track a trait in a family

Question 23

population

Answer 23

group of interbreeding individuals

Question 24

gene pool

Answer 24

all the alleles in a population

Question 25

race

Answer 25

is a social concept not a biological one

Question 26

genetic determinism argument

Answer 26

“we are our genes”