2022-23 Vocab A-H Unit 2B

Question 1

1st Amendment

Answer 1

Religion, assembly, press, petition, speech

Question 2

22nd Amendment

Answer 2

Limits Presidents to 2-terms.
Happens after Roosevelt dies.

Question 3

25th Amendment

Answer 3

Speaker of the House gets to be president because they represent the people if the president and vice president die. Then the leader of the Senate. 5th is the secretary of state.
Happens because, in 1963, Kennedy gets shot in the head.

Question 4

Ad hoc structure

Answer 4

a method of organizing a president’s staff in which several task forces, committees, and informal groups of friends and advisers deal directly with the president

Question 5

Appropriations

Answer 5

the process through which congressional committees allocate funds to executive branch agencies, bureaus, and departments.

Question 6

Approval ratings

Answer 6

the percentage of survey respondents who say that they “approve” of the way the president is doing his job

Question 7

authorization legislation

Answer 7

legislation permission to begin or continue a government program or agency

Question 8

bully pulpit

Answer 8

presidential appeals to the public to pressure other branches of government to support his or her policies.

Question 9

bureaucracy

Answer 9

the system of civil servants and political appointees who implement congressional or presidential decisions; also known as the administrative state

Question 10

cabinet

Answer 10

the group of 15 executive department heads who implement the president’s agenda in their respective positions

Question 11

circular structure

Answer 11

a method of organizing a president’s staff in which several presidential assistants report directly to the president

Question 12

Civil Service Reform Act of 1978

Answer 12

intended to provide Federal managers with the flexibility to improve Government operations and productivity while, at the same time, protect employees from unfair or unwarranted practices.

Question 13

Clinton v. New York City (1998)

Answer 13

banned presidential use of line-item veto

Question 14

competitive service

Answer 14

the government office to which people are appointed on the grounds of merit as ascertained by a written examination or by having met certain selection criteria.

Question 15

Congressional Budget and Impoundment Act (1974)

Answer 15

an act designed to reform the congressional budgetary process

Question 16

Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)

Answer 16

a group of economic advisers that provides objective data on the state of the economy and makes economic policy recommendations to the president.

Question 17

direct democracy

Answer 17

a political system in which citizens vote directly on public policies.

Question 18

discretionary authority

Answer 18

the ability of the bureaucracy to choose courses of action and make policies not spelled out in advances by laws

Question 19

divided government

Answer 19

a situation that occurs when control of the presidency and one or both chambers of Congress is split between the two major parties.

Question 20

electoral college

Answer 20

a constitutionally required process for selecting the president through slates of electors chosen in each state, who are pledged to vote for a nominee in the presidential election.

Question 21

excepted service

Answer 21

provision for appointing federal offices without going through the competitive service

Question 22

executive agreements

Answer 22

an agreement between a president and another nation that does not have the same durability in the American system as a treaty but does not require Senate ratification.

Question 23

Executive Office of the President

Answer 23

a collection of offices within the White House organization designed mainly to provide information to the president.

Question 24

executive order

Answer 24

policy directives issued by presidents that do not require congressional approval.

Question 25

executive privilege

Answer 25

a right claimed by presidents to keep certain conversations, records, and transcripts confidential from outside scrutiny, especially that of Congress.

Question 26

faithless electors

Answer 26

members of hte electoral college who do not vote for whom they are pledged to

Question 27

Freedom of Information Act (1966)

Answer 27

it provides a system for the public to obtain government records, as long as they do not invade individuals privacy, reveal trade secrets, or endanger military security

Question 28

Government Corporations

Answer 28

a government agency that operates like a business corporation, created to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for a particular program

Question 29

Hatch Act (1933 and 1993)

Answer 29

federal statute barring federal employees from active participation in certain kinds of politics and protecting them from being fired on partisan grounds.

Question 30

12th Amendment

Answer 30

Members of the electoral college cast 2 separate votes: one for the president and the other for the vice president