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Block 3; Week 1 > Intro to Gastro > Flashcards

Intro to Gastro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 general categories of the GI system?

A

hollow & solid organs

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2
Q

What are the hollow organs of the GI system?

A 
mouth
esophagus
stomach
SI
LI w/ rectum
anus
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3
Q

What are the solid organs of the GI system?

A

salivary glands
liver
pancreas
gallbladder

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4
Q

What are the 5 tastes of the tongue?

A 
sweet
sour
salty
bitter
umami (savory)
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5
Q

What amino acid does umami respond to?

A

glutamate

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6
Q

What makes up saliva? How much is produced each day?

A 
1.5 L produced each day
salivary amylase
salivary lipase
mucus (to lubricate the food)
lysozyme to kill the bacteria
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7
Q

What is another name for salivary amylase?

A

ptyalin

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8
Q

Swallowing has 2 phases. What are they? What controls each phase?

A

oropharyngeal phase: voluntary control

esophageal phase: autonomic control

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9
Q

How long is the esophagus tube?

A

8-12 inches

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10
Q

What 2 general things happen in the esophagus?

A

peristalsis: primary (initial response to food), secondary, & tertiary (makes sure that things are going in the right direction)
muscle contraction

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11
Q

What ends the esophagus? …something that contributes to heartburn…

A

the lower esophageal sphincter
thought that this is what prevents heartburn when it is tightly contracted…
muscles & flesh surrounding the LES also help prevent heartburn…why obesity is associated with heartburn

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12
Q

What controls entry & exit to the stomach?

A 
lower esophageal sphincter (entry to the stomach)
pyloric sphincter (exit to the stomach)
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13
Q

How much can the stomach hold?

A

4 cups or a treinta size Starbucks drink

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14
Q

What substances are secreted in the stomach?

A 
HCl
enzymes (protease, lipase)
mucus
gastrin
intrinsic factor (vitamin B12)
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15
Q

What are 2 weird functions of the stomach?

A

assists in calcium absorption

makes dietary minerals soluble for absorption

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16
Q

What are the 3 phases of gastric acid secretion?

A

Cephalic Phase
Gastric Phase
Intestinal Phase

17
Q

What happens in the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

Pepsin & HCl secreted by the sense of food…

18
Q

What happens in the gastric phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

Nutrients such as AA stimulate the G cells in the stomach to produce gastrin.
Distension of the stomach also stimulates the G cells in the stomach to produce gastrin.
The release of gastrin stimulates the parietal cells to secrete HCl.
This acid slows bacterial growth which prevents enteric infections & Small intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

19
Q

What is the approximate pH of the stomach?

A

1-4

20
Q

What are 3 things that can cause an increased risk for small intestine bacterial overgrowth?

A

achlorhydria
gastrectomy
Gi disease

21
Q

What are the 3 main cells that are found in the stomach?

A

G cells secrete Gastrin
Chief cells secrete pepsinogen & gastric lipase
Parietal cells secrete acid

22
Q

Where is chyme formed?

A

in the stomach

23
Q

Are a lot of nutrients absorbed in the stomach?

A

NO

24
Q

What protects the stomach from the digestive process?

A

the mucosa

25
Q

What are 2 things that increase the transit time thru the stomach?

A

solid meal

higher fat content

26
Q

How long does it take a liquid meal to exit?

A

1-2 hours

27
Q

How long does it take a solid meal to exit?

A

2-3 hours

28
Q

What happens in the intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

Chyme causes the duodenum to release CCK & Secretin.

These stimulate the pancreas & gallbladder to release bile, bicarb, enzymes

29
Q

Where does most digestion & absorption happen? How long is this portion of the GI tract?

A

SI

5-7 meters

30
Q

What are the 3 parts of the SI & how long are each of them?

A

duodenum (.5 meters)
jejunum (2-3 meters)
ileum (3-4 meters)

31
Q

When stuff is absorbed by the SI walls…where does it go?

A

If water soluble–>blood

If fat soluble–>lymph

32
Q

How long is the LI? What is absent here? What happens here?

A

3-4 feet
villi & enzymes are absent
not much digestion
absorption of water, minerals, vitamins happens here…
bacteria break down fiber & produce Vitamin K here
feces are prepared

33
Q

What is the gastrocolic reflex? What does the patient feel? What disease may this explain? What mediates this reflex?

A

increase in the motility of the colon in response to a stretch in the stomach
patient feels the urge to defecate after a meal
could explain irritable bowel syndrome
Mediators: Serotonin, Neurotensin, CCK, gastrin

34
Q

Where is stool stored for elimination?

A

the rectum

35
Q

What are the 4 basic mechanisms for nutrient absorption?

A

passive, active, megacytosis, pinocytosis

36
Q

What is one thing that can be absorbed by the gastric epithelium?

A

ALCOHOL

Block 3; Week 1 (11 decks)

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