Intro to Exc Phys) History

Question 1

Physiology Definition

Answer 1

-Study of Body Functions (organs, tissues, organ systems)

Question 2

Exercise Physiology Def

Answer 2

-Study of how the various body systems respond to exercise
-Exercise) Acute Bout of Physical Activity
-Training) Repeated physical activity accompanied by physical changes

Question 3

Responses to Environmental Factors

Answer 3

-Environmental Factors can affect exercise performance) Heat, Humidity, Altitude, etc…
-Population Group can have affect) Young/Old, Healthy/Diseased, Genetic predispositions.

Question 4

A.V Hill

Answer 4

-Studied Heat Production in Muscles.
-1920) A.V Hill and Otto Meyerhof shared Nobel Prize

Question 5

Otto Meyerhof

Answer 5

-Studied VO2 Max and performed work with “lactic acid”
-1920) A.V Hill and Otto Meyerhof shared Nobel Prize

Question 6

August Krogh

Answer 6

-Studied Capillary Ciruclation

Question 7

J.S Haldane

Answer 7

-Worked With breathing Control
-(Important) Haldane Transformation

Question 8

Christian Bohr

Answer 8

-Bohr Effect) Shows how Hemoglobin’s affinity for O2 is different depending on body conditions such as pH, Temprature, or increased partial pressure of CO2

Question 9

D.B Hill

Answer 9

-Director of the Harvard Fatigue Lab

Question 10

Focus of Exercise Phys WW1 to WW2

Answer 10

-Focus was concerned with physical fitness
-Many Physical Education leaders were trained in medicine
-Lack of physical fitness in the population caused PE leaders to adopt militaristic training styles

Question 11

Exercise Phys in the 1950’s

Answer 11

-Paradigm shift of focus from physical fitness to health.
-Population showed significant coronary artery disease had developed.

Question 12

Haus Kraus

Answer 12

-Showed Americans had lower levels of physical fitness/health when compared to europeans in the 50’s

Question 13

What is the AAHPERD Test

Answer 13

-American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance.
-Founded in 1957
-Used to establish national norms for physical fitness programs nationwide.

Question 14

Focus of Public Health in 1980’s

Answer 14

-Physical Fitness and Exercise as major concern when it came to improving overall health of the country

Question 15

Epidemiological studies in the 1980’s

Answer 15

-Revealed that poor health habits can lead to degenerative diseases (AHA)
-High Fat Diet, Smoking, and Physical inactivity are examples of poor health habits.

Question 16

AHA Formation and Recomendations

Answer 16

-American Heart Association (1992)
Recommendations) 30 mins of moderate intensity physical activity most if not all days of the week

Question 17

Focus of Exercise Phys 2010-Now

Answer 17

-Focus on improving overall health instead of physical fitness.
-Recommendations) More Fruits/Veggies, Portion Control, More PA, limit screen time

Question 18

Difference between physical activity vs Excercise

Answer 18

-Physical Activity) Singular Bout (leads to better health)
-Exercise- Goal is to increase fitness levels.

Question 19

What are some benefits of Physical Activity

Answer 19

-Reduces risk of premature mortality or Developing heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes
-Promotes healthy body weight, physical well being, and reduced blood pressure.

Question 20

What are the recommendations of the U.S Surgeon General regarding physical activity

Answer 20

-Moderate Activity) 30 min or more per day of moderate intensity (150 calories per hour/ Talk test)
-To be Healthy be sure to eat a proportional amount of food for your body weight and physical activity levels.

Question 21

What Are the Five Health-Related Components of Fitness

Answer 21

-Cardiorespiratory endurance, Muscular strength, Muscular endurance, Flexibility, and Body Composition

Question 22

What are the principles of General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 22

-GAS) approach to training for optimal results
- Five Components) Specificity, Progressive Overload, Reversibility, and Individual differences.

Question 23

Progressive Overload

Answer 23

-FITT Principle) Frequency, Intensity, Time (Duration), Type
-Goal is to start at a lower intensity and move up as to not overwork the muscle in the beginning.

Question 24

Effects of Overtraining

Answer 24

-Anatomical, Physiological, Biochemical, Immunological and Psychological effects.

Question 25

Physiological Markers of Overtraining.

Answer 25

-Decreased neuromuscular function due to hormone/neurotransmitter imbalance, Decrease in maximal heart rate/VO2 max, Orthostatic Imbalance, Dyspnea, Chronic fatigue and muscle soreness.