Intro to Exc Phys) History Flashcards
Physiology Definition
-Study of Body Functions (organs, tissues, organ systems)
Exercise Physiology Def
-Study of how the various body systems respond to exercise
-Exercise) Acute Bout of Physical Activity
-Training) Repeated physical activity accompanied by physical changes
Responses to Environmental Factors
-Environmental Factors can affect exercise performance) Heat, Humidity, Altitude, etc…
-Population Group can have affect) Young/Old, Healthy/Diseased, Genetic predispositions.
A.V Hill
-Studied Heat Production in Muscles.
-1920) A.V Hill and Otto Meyerhof shared Nobel Prize
Otto Meyerhof
-Studied VO2 Max and performed work with “lactic acid”
-1920) A.V Hill and Otto Meyerhof shared Nobel Prize
August Krogh
-Studied Capillary Ciruclation
J.S Haldane
-Worked With breathing Control
-(Important) Haldane Transformation
Christian Bohr
-Bohr Effect) Shows how Hemoglobin’s affinity for O2 is different depending on body conditions such as pH, Temprature, or increased partial pressure of CO2
D.B Hill
-Director of the Harvard Fatigue Lab
Focus of Exercise Phys WW1 to WW2
-Focus was concerned with physical fitness
-Many Physical Education leaders were trained in medicine
-Lack of physical fitness in the population caused PE leaders to adopt militaristic training styles
Exercise Phys in the 1950’s
-Paradigm shift of focus from physical fitness to health.
-Population showed significant coronary artery disease had developed.
Haus Kraus
-Showed Americans had lower levels of physical fitness/health when compared to europeans in the 50’s
What is the AAHPERD Test
-American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance.
-Founded in 1957
-Used to establish national norms for physical fitness programs nationwide.
Focus of Public Health in 1980’s
-Physical Fitness and Exercise as major concern when it came to improving overall health of the country
Epidemiological studies in the 1980’s
-Revealed that poor health habits can lead to degenerative diseases (AHA)
-High Fat Diet, Smoking, and Physical inactivity are examples of poor health habits.
AHA Formation and Recomendations
-American Heart Association (1992)
Recommendations) 30 mins of moderate intensity physical activity most if not all days of the week
Focus of Exercise Phys 2010-Now
-Focus on improving overall health instead of physical fitness.
-Recommendations) More Fruits/Veggies, Portion Control, More PA, limit screen time
Difference between physical activity vs Excercise
-Physical Activity) Singular Bout (leads to better health)
-Exercise- Goal is to increase fitness levels.
What are some benefits of Physical Activity
-Reduces risk of premature mortality or Developing heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes
-Promotes healthy body weight, physical well being, and reduced blood pressure.
What are the recommendations of the U.S Surgeon General regarding physical activity
-Moderate Activity) 30 min or more per day of moderate intensity (150 calories per hour/ Talk test)
-To be Healthy be sure to eat a proportional amount of food for your body weight and physical activity levels.
What Are the Five Health-Related Components of Fitness
-Cardiorespiratory endurance, Muscular strength, Muscular endurance, Flexibility, and Body Composition
What are the principles of General Adaptation Syndrome
-GAS) approach to training for optimal results
- Five Components) Specificity, Progressive Overload, Reversibility, and Individual differences.
Progressive Overload
-FITT Principle) Frequency, Intensity, Time (Duration), Type
-Goal is to start at a lower intensity and move up as to not overwork the muscle in the beginning.
Effects of Overtraining
-Anatomical, Physiological, Biochemical, Immunological and Psychological effects.
Physiological Markers of Overtraining.
-Decreased neuromuscular function due to hormone/neurotransmitter imbalance, Decrease in maximal heart rate/VO2 max, Orthostatic Imbalance, Dyspnea, Chronic fatigue and muscle soreness.
