intro to ethics - understasnding the basics

Question 1

As a discipline, Ethics first appeared formally during the Classical Age, specifically during the time of Greek Golden Age (approx. 400 BCE). Philosophers such as Plato (and to some extent, Socrates) and later on Aristotle are credited to be the first ones who extensively discussed morality in their works. However, even before the establishment of the discipline, Ethics is applied by humans through their choices in actions for survival.

Answer 1

Historical Context

Question 2

As a discipline, Ethics first appeared formally during the

Answer 2

Classical Age, specifically during the time of Greek Golden Age (approx. 400 BCE).

Question 3

Philosophers such as __________ are credited to be the first ones who extensively discussed morality in their works.

Answer 3

Plato (and to some extent, Socrates) and later on Aristotle

Question 4

even before the establishment of the discipline, Ethics is applied by humans through their choices in actions for ______

Answer 4

survival.

Question 5

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that is concerned in the study of morality, or the rightness or wrongness of a human conduct (or action). Morality speaks of a code or system of behavior established to the standards of what is right or wrong. Ethics can be also called as “moral philosophy”..

Answer 5

textbook definition

Question 6

is a branch of philosophy that is concerned in the study of morality, or the rightness or wrongness of a human conduct (or action).

Answer 6

Ethics

Question 7

what is ethics

Answer 7

is a branch of philosophy that is concerned in the study of morality, or the rightness or wrongness of a human conduct (or action).

Question 8

speaks of a code or system of behavior established to the standards of what is right or wrong.

Answer 8

Morality

Question 9

ethics can also be called as

Answer 9

moral philosophy

Question 10

By practical definition, we are looking towards where and how it is applied. Since the word Ethics in Greek means “character” or “manners” (Ethos), we ought to look on these three things whenever we discuss morality: The Action (What?); The Intention (Why and How?); and The Direction (Who?). In this way, we can weigh in what actions can be said as “good”, “bad”, “right” or “wrong”.

Answer 10

Practical Definition

Question 11

Ethics Etymology

Answer 11

Greek means “character” or “manners” (Ethos)

Question 12

we ought to look on these three things whenever we discuss morality

Answer 12

The action (What?)
The intention (Why and How?)
The Direction (Who?)

Question 13

come along as a framework for human beings on what action is considered as ‘right’.

Answer 13

rules

Question 14

Not every right action is considered to be as the good thing by people. Depending on the weight of the action, some may consider it to be the bad (and vice versa.)

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Who made the rules?

Answer 15

Society, in its formation, has established the rules.

Question 16

Why did society formed rules?

Answer 16

A) For regulating behavior;
B) For guaranteeing rights and freedom;
C) Providing a sense of justice; and
D) Essential for a healthy economic system.

Question 17

Moral standards are not applicable in all situations.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

There are instances wherein there is no such thing as right or wrong (and good/bad as well). Hence, there is what we call

Answer 18

“non-moral standards”.

Question 19

involve determining the kinds of actions people believe to be “right” and “wrong”. Values are also involved in this one.

Answer 19

Moral standards

Question 20

are actions non-related to ethical considerations. Most of these lack moral sense.

Answer 20

Non-moral standard

Question 21

Examples may include: Rules of Etiquette, Fashion Standards, Rules in Games, and Some house rules

Answer 21

Non-moral Standards

Question 22

are ought to be preferred to other values

Answer 22

moral standards

Question 23

Moral Standards can be classified into:

Answer 23

aesthetic

prudential

legal

Question 24

Moral standards, though formed by the society, are not established by authority figures.

Answer 24

true

Question 25

It is a product of collective consciousness, hence ‘universalized’. (Authorities reinforce these standards through law-formation.)

Answer 25

true

Question 26

it is a product of collective consciousness

Answer 26

moral standards

Question 27

they should be free from bias or these should be based on impartial considerations

Answer 27

moral standards

Question 28

moral standards are associated with ____ and ______ to be fully understood

Answer 28

special emotions and vocabulary

Question 29

an English term we use that is directly synonymous to “problem”

Answer 29

Dilemma

Question 30

situations wherein a difficult choice is made between two different actions, either of which transgressing or involving a moral principle.

Answer 30

Moral Dilemma

Question 31

Conflict is always present, and if there are two choices, only one is possible. Doing both is ethically impossible

Answer 31

true

Question 32

different levels of moral dilemmas

Answer 32

personal
organizational
structural

Question 33

most ethical discussions are grounded in this (such as conflicting obligations or conflicting promises)

Answer 33

Personal

Question 34

these can be in fields such as business, medical field or public sector; usually in workplaces that requires professional ethics

Answer 34

organizational

Question 35

institutional/system-wide; these involve multiple sectors

Answer 35

Structural

Question 36

Human beings are the only living creatures that have the capacity to think freely with the use of reason.
Since morality is a question of choice, we are given the option to determine the actions we do for our well-being.
For other beings (such as plants, animals and non-living objects), we also ought to decide for them. They do not have any reasoning capabilities to determine what is right and wrong.

Answer 36

freedom and reasoning

Question 37

When one decides into a certain action, he/she should be free from biases. Having such affect a certain decision greatly.
Biases can be personal in nature, which in fact clouds judgment. Likewise, it can be coming also from external factors.

Answer 37

impartiality

Question 38

Hence, humans are responsible in
deciding matters to those who
cannot decide for themselves, like
animals and plants in the
environment.
The establishment of fields such as
animal ethics & environmental
ethics pave the way in setting some
standards of morality to beings that
do not have the capacity of reason.
Without these standards, plants and
animals are prone to abuse.

Answer 38

on other beings

Question 39

the only living creatures that have the capacity to think freely with the use of reason

Answer 39

Human

Question 40

a question of choice

Answer 40

morality

Question 41

for other beings, we cannot decide for them

Answer 41

false - we also ought to decide for them as they do not have any reasoning capabilities to determine what is right and wrong