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Chemistry Class. > Intro to Energy. > Flashcards

Intro to Energy. Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chemistry all about?

A

Matter.

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2
Q

What is the universe?

A

Matter and energy.

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3
Q

What do changes in a system involve?

A

A movement of matter driven by a flow of energy.

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4
Q

When something is happening, energy is what?

A

Flowing.

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5
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is the capacity to do work or produce heat.

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6
Q

What are the two types of energy?

A

Potential and kinetic energy.

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7
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy of motion.

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8
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Energy that is stored.

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9
Q

What are some different types of potential energy.

A

Chemical, nuclear, gravitational, and elastic energy.

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10
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Energy stored in chemical bonds.

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11
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms.

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12
Q

What is gravitational energy?

A

Energy that is based on gravity.

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13
Q

What is elastic energy?

A

Energy of compressible or stretchable objects.

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14
Q

What are different types of kinetic energy?

A

Thermal, electrical, electromagnetic energy.

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15
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

The total energy of all vibration particles that make up an object.

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16
Q

What is electrical energy?

A

Kinetic energy of charged particles.

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17
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation?

A

Microwaves, x-rays, and visible light.

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18
Q

What SI unit do we use for energy?

A

The joule.

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19
Q

One calorie of heat does what to water?

A

It raises the temperature of 1g of pure water.

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20
Q

What is a Calorie (capital c)?

A

The energy content of foods and beverages.

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21
Q

How many calories is one Calorie?

A

1 Calorie = 1000 calories.

22
Q

How many joules is equal to one calorie?

A

4.184 joules.

23
Q

What is thermochemistry?

A

The study of energy changes that happen during chemical reactions or changes of state.

24
Q

How can changes in energy be detected?

A

By observing heat transfers.

25
Q

What is heat?

A

Heat is the energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference.

26
Q

How does heat flow from object to object?

A

Heat flows from a warmer object to a cooler one.

27
Q

What is power equal to?

A

the rate of energy flow (watts).

28
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy is not created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.

29
Q

What is temperature?

A

The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material.

30
Q

More heat is equal to?

A

Higher temperature, but the change will vary depending on the substance

31
Q

What is specific heat (c)?

A

The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a substance by 1 C.

32
Q

How will materials that have high specific heats heat up?

A

They will heat up more slowly since it takes more energy to see the temp difference.

33
Q

How will material that have low specific heats heat up?

A

They will heat up quickly since it takes less energy to see temp difference.

34
Q

What is heat measured in?

A

Joules or calories.

35
Q

What are the three types of energy transfers?

A

Conduction, convection, radiation.

36
Q

What is conduction?

A

Heat that is transferred through touch.

37
Q

What is convection?

A

The rising/falling of substances due to heating/density difference.

38
Q

What is radiation?

A

Waves/energy.

39
Q

When does thermal conduction occur?

A

It occurs through oscillation of adjacent atoms.

40
Q

What is thermal conduction?

A

Energy passed through collisions of atoms.

41
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

How efficiently energy is conducted.

42
Q

What is conduction better in when it comes to states of matter?

A

Solids.

43
Q

What are low conductivities?

A

Insulators.

44
Q

What are great conductors?

A

Metals, due to the availability of valence electrons.

45
Q

Convection is the cycling of what?

A

Fluids given by differences in density.

46
Q

At high temperature molecules do what?

A

Molecules spread, they are less dense, and they rise.

47
Q

At low temps molecules do what?

A

Molecules spread out less, they are more dense, and they sink.

48
Q

What is viscosity?

A

A measure of a fluids resistance to flow.

49
Q

Atoms do what with radiation?

A

They absorb radiation and reemit it.

50
Q

Frequency and total amount of energy of the emitted radiation are functions of what?

A

The temperature of an object.

Chemistry Class. (10 decks)

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