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Endocrine > Intro to Endocrine > Flashcards

Intro to Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

3 basic components of Endocrine System

A
  1. endocrine glands
  2. hormones
  3. target organs/cells
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2
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

synthesize and secrete hormones

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3
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messengers that are transported by blood to target organs/cells

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4
Q

Neuroendocrine

A
  • neuron secretes signal molecule

- signal molecule acts like hormone (travels through blood to target)

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5
Q

Paracrine

A

target cell = near by

receptor on adjacent cells

act locally

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6
Q

Autocrine

A

like paracrine, except receptor on same cell

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7
Q

Major Endocrine Glands

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. pituitary gland
  3. thyroid gland
  4. parathyroid glands
  5. adrenal glands
  6. pancreas
  7. ovaries
  8. testes
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8
Q

Hypothalamus Hormones

A

Releasing/Inhibiting Hormones

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9
Q

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

A
  • ACTH
  • TSH
  • GH
  • LH
  • FSH
  • PRL
  • SST
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10
Q

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

A
  • oxytocin

- ADH

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11
Q

Thyroid Hormones

A

T3, T4, Calcitonin

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12
Q

Parathyroid Hormones

A

PTH

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13
Q

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

A
  • aldosterone

- cortisol

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14
Q

Adrenal Medulla Hormones

A
  • epinephrine

- norepinephrine

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15
Q

Pancreas Hormones

A
  • insulin

- glucagon

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16
Q

Ovaries Hormones

A
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
  • inhibin
17
Q

Testes Hormones

A
  • Testosterone

- Inhibin

18
Q

3 major classes of hormones

A
  1. proteins/peptides
  2. steroids & steroid-like molecules
  3. tyrosine-derived hormones
19
Q

Protein/Peptide Hormones

A
  • hydrophilic (water-soluble)
  • usually circulate in blood in free form
  • short half-life
  • bind to membrane receptors on target cells
20
Q

Steroids and Steroid-like Hormone Examples

A
  • aldosterone
  • cortisol
  • estradiol
  • progesterone
  • testosterone
  • 1,25(OH)2D3
21
Q

Steroids and Steroid-like Hormones Characteristics

A
  • released by diffusion through plasma membrane
  • lipid-soluble
  • mostly circulate in blood coupled to binding protein
  • long half-life
  • have intracellular (and membrane) receptors at target cells
22
Q

Steroids and Steroid-like Hormone Synthesis

A

intracellular synthesis

NOT stored in vesicles

23
Q

Protein/Peptide Hormone Synthesis

A

intracellular synthesis

stored in secretory granules

24
Q

Examples of Tyrosine-Derived Hormones

A
  • dopamine
  • EPI
  • NE
  • thyroxine (T4)
  • triiodothyronine (T3)
25
Q

Tyrosine-Derived Hormone Synthesis & Secretion: Catecholamine

A
  • stored in secretory granules
  • released via exocytosis
  • hydrophilic (water-soluble)
  • circulate in blood in free form
  • short half-life
  • bind to membrane receptors at target cells
26
Q

Tyrosine-Derived Hormone Synthesis & Secretion: Thyroid

A
  • stored in thyroid follicles or released immediately after synthesis via diffusion through plasma membrane
  • lipid-soluble
  • circulate in blood coupled to binding protein
  • long half-life
  • have intracellular receptors at target cells

Endocrine (6 decks)

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