Intro to endocrine (8) Flashcards
Do endocrine hormones have high sensitivity or low sensitivity receptors?
high
What hormones does the fetal placenta produce and what are the effects?
- HCG –> corpus leuteum produces estrogen and progesterone
- human placental lactogen- GH, prolactin actions
- Estrogens, progesterone
What are the three classifications of hormones?
polypeptides, amines, steroids
Why are thyroid hormones weird?
derived from AAs but behave like steroids
Describe for steroid hormones:
- storage pools
- location of receptor
- regulation target
- half life
- no storage pools - produced on demand
- cytoplasm or nucleus
- regulate gene transcription
- hours to days
Describe for peptide hormones:
- storage pools
- location of receptor
- regulation target
- half life
- secretory vesicles for storage
- bind to receptor on membrane
- signals a transduction cascade
- seconds to minutes
What is pseudohypoparathyroidism?
abnormal a3 subunit of G protein for PTH
low ca2+, high Phosphorous
increased PTH
What glands secrete hormones that are released in a cyclical fashion?
hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary
What is another word for the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary?
anterior - adenohypophysis
posterior - neurohyophysis
What is the blood supply of both sections of the pituitary?
- anterior - venous blood
2. posterior - arterial
What nuclei in the hypothalamus contact the posterior pituitary?
supraoptic nucleus, PVN
What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary? What are their fuctions?
oxytocin: targets uterus and breast tissue
- involved in labor during child birth
vasopressin: collecting duct to inc water permeability
GHRH Name the:
- target cell of the anterior pituitary
- hormone released
- peripheral target
- somatotrophic cells
- GH
- targets multiple tissues
TRH Name the:
- target cell of the anterior pituitary
- hormone released
- peripheral target
- thyrotrophic cells
- TSH
- thyroid follicular cells - thyroid hormone
CRH Name the:
- target cell of the anterior pituitary
- hormone released
- peripheral target
- corticotrophic cells
- ACTH
- fasiculate and reticularis cells of adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
GnRH stimulating FSH release
Name the:
- target cell of the anterior pituitary
- peripheral target
- Gonadotrophs
- ovarian follicular cells - estrogen, progestins
sertolic cells - initiate spermatogenesis
GnRH stimulating LH release
Name the:
- target cell of the anterior pituitary
- peripheral target
- gonadotrophic cells
- ovarian follicles - make estrogen, progestins
leydig cells to make testosterone
Dopamine Name the:
- target cell of the anterior pituitary
- hormone released
- peripheral target
- inhibits lactotrophic cells
- PRL
- mammary glands - initiates and mantains milk production
Can peptide hormones cross the BBB?
yeppers
What drugs are used to treat hyperprolactinemia?
dopamine agonists (inhibit prolactin)
What stimulates prolactin release?
TRH released from hypothalamus
What are the functions of prolactin?
- stim milk production during lactation
- promotes breast dev during puberty & pregnancy
- inhibits ovulation
What is the major cause of oxytocin stimulating milk ejection ?
suckling
What receptors does ADH interact with in the:
- kidney
- vascular smooth muscle
- V2
2. V1
