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Histology > Intro to Embryology > Flashcards

Intro to Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

How many cells are present in the morula stage and what are they called?

A

16-32 Blastomeres

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2
Q

A ball of cells with a fluid filled cavity.

A

Blastocyst

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3
Q

Embryoblast

A

The inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage.

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4
Q

The outer cell mass of the Blastocyst

A

Trophoblast

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5
Q

What is the job of the trophoblast?

A

To contribute to support tissue, placenta

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6
Q

What happens during the blastocyst stage?

A

The zona pellucida begins to disintegrate. The blastocyst implants into the uterus between Days 6 and 7

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7
Q

What occurs during week 2 of fertilization?

A

The blastocyst flattens into a two-layered bilaminar disc which is squeezed between two fluid filled cavities, the amniotic above and yolk sac below.

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8
Q

Cyntotrophoblast

A

Mitotic inner layer of cells of the trophoblast

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9
Q

Multi-nucleated mass of fused cells in the Trophoblast. This layer secretes the hormone HCG

A

Synctiotrophoblast

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10
Q

What two outer layers are established during fertilization?

A

Zona pellucida and the Corona Radiata

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11
Q

Describe the structure of the placenta.

A

Two layers. The maternal, endometrial lining of the uterus. And the fetal, cytotrophoblast and synctiotrophoblast form the chorion and chorionic cavity of the placenta.

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12
Q

Formation of a three layered embryo consisting of three germ layers.

A

Gastrulation

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13
Q

What are the three primary germ layers and what do they give rise to?

A

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm

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14
Q

Neural Tube

A

A hollow tube that gives rise to most of the CNS. End of the tube closes at days 26 and 28.

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15
Q

Ectoderm cells that fail to be incorporated into the tube, which form a crest around the tube.

A

Neural Crest

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16
Q

When does the Neural Tube begin to form?

A

Days 19 to 23.

17
Q

The cloaca is also known as what?

A

The future anus

18
Q

The connecting stalk is known as what?

A

Future umbilicus

19
Q

What forms from the ectoderm?

A

The epidermis and the NS (neural tube and crest)

20
Q

Forms the primitive connective tissue and mesenchyme between the endoderm and ectoderm.

A

Mesoderm

21
Q

The endoderm becomes…

A

The trachea, bronchi, lungs, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

22
Q

Mesoderm differentiates into…

A

Support tissues (connective tissue, cartilage), muscle, blood, and blood vessels. Also forms the urogenital system.

23
Q

Coelem

A

Body cavities, or spaces in the mesoderm

24
Q

Which system is the first to function?

A

The cardiovascular system.

25
Q

When does the heart begin to beat?

A

Week 4

26
Q

Blocks of mesoderm which form along the sides of the neural tube.

A

Somites

27
Q

How many somites typically form in the embryo?

A

42 to 44

28
Q

Somites give rise to…

A
  1. Myotome
  2. Sclerotome
  3. Dermatome
29
Q

Skeletal muscles of the back and body wall

A

Myotome

30
Q

Sclerotome

A

Vertebrae and ribs

31
Q

Dermatome

A

Dermis of the skin

32
Q

Pharyngeal Arches

A

Pouches filled with mesoderm and neural crest cells which mature to form the face and neck.

33
Q

List events of Week 1 in chronological order.

A

Fertilization, Rapid Divisions, Morula, Blastula, and Implantation

34
Q

Bilaminar embryo, yolk sac, amnion, cyto and syncytiotrophoblast formation occur when?

A

Week 2

35
Q

What occurs during the embryonic period (Weeks 3-8)?

A

Gastrulation, Morphogenesis, and Organogenesis

36
Q

Development of the three germ layers

A

Gastrulation

37
Q

Organogenesis

A

Establishment of organ systems

38
Q

When is the period of maximum sensitivity?

A

Embryonic Period (Weeks 3 to 8)

Histology (4 decks)

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