Intro to DNA Note Vocab Flashcards
Where are nucleic acids found?
Nucleus
What are nucleic acids a mixture of?
Carbs and other groups
What is the name of the combination of a nitrogenous base, phosphate, and a sugar?
Nucleotides
What are the nitrogenous bases included in purine?
Adenine and Guanine
What are the nitrogenous bases included in pyrimidine?
Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil
True or False: Uracil is only found in DNA?
False: it is only found in RNA
What is a pentose?
A 5-membered cyclic sugar ring, with 2’ carbon as a key location
Purine and pyrimidine components. Also called nucleobases. E.g. A, G, T, C
Nitrogenous Base
Includes a sugar and a base, but NO phosphate. The absence of the phosphate means this can not polymerize.
Nucleoside
This includes a sugar, base, and a phosphate
Nucleotide
This makes up all genetic information
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
What structure is a DNA strand in the shape of?
A double helix structure.
What direction are the DNA strands wound together?
Anti parallel
How is the genetic info encoded?
In base pair patterns.
Which direction are the base pairs directed in the strand?
Toward the interior
What kind of backbone is the DNA strand made of? Which direction is it oriented toward?
A sugar-phosphate backbone. It is oriented toward the exterior.
We can see with our eyes. (Physical)
Phenotype
Genetic sequence (Cannot observe directly)
Genotype
What determine what products are encoded by a genetic sequence?
The order of the Nitrogenous Bases
There are two types of nitrogenous bases, what are they?
Pyrimidine and Purines
What nitrogenous base pairs with Adenine?
Thymine
What nitrogenous base pairs with Guanine?
Cytosine
How many hydrogen bonds hold A and T together?
2
How many hydrogen bonds hold G and C together?
3
Is the bond between A and T stronger than G and C? Why or why not?
The bond between G and C are stronger because of the extra hydrogen bond. 3 is stronger than 2.
When reading a DNA strand, where do you start and where do you end?
Start at 5’ and end at 3’.
What parts are required for a DNA polymer?
A phosphate, pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base
