Intro to Different Agents and Modalities Flashcards
Consists of energy and materials applied to patients to assist in rehabilitation.
PHYSICAL AGENT
Include heat, cold, water, light, sound, and electricity may be applied to the body
PHYSICAL AGENT
Refer to those physical agents that provide a change in tissue temperature, either heating or cooling the tissue
THERMAL MODALITIES
PHYSICAL AGENT MODALITIES
Thermal modalities
Electromagnetic modalities
Electric modalities
Mechanical modalities
Categories of thermal modalities
- Superficial Thermal Agents and
- Deep Thermal Agents
Facilitate transfer of energy through conduction, convection, or conversion and through radiation and evaporation
THERMAL MODALITIES
one surface with heat energy transfers heat to another surface through direct contact. There should be direct contact in order to transfer heat
Conduction
There is also a need for direct contact from one material to the heat surface. There is a continuously circulating of heat energy
Convection
Transfer of other forms of energy to another energy into heat energy. Electrical to heat - Chemical to heat energy
Conversion
Result of energy exchange by direct collision between the molecules of two materials at different temperatures.
CONDUCTION
change of liquid into gas. Thermal energy is transferred through the changes of state of a liquid into gas when it is applied to the body
Evaporation
Heat is conducted from the material at the higher temperature to the material at the lower temperature as faster-moving molecules in the warmer material collide with molecules in the cooler material, causing them to accelerate.
CONDUCTION
Occurs only between materials of different temperatures that are in direct contact with each other
CONDUCTION
Occurs as the result of direct contact between a circulating medium and another material of a different temperature
CONVECTION
During heating or cooling by _____ , the thermal agent is in motion, so new parts of the agent at the initial treatment temperature keep coming into contact with the patient’s body part
CONVECTION
Involves the conversion of a nonthermal form of energy, such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy, into heat
CONVERSION
is not affected by the temperature of the thermal agent
CONVERSION
Does not require direct contact between the thermal agent and the body; however, it does require any intervening material to be a good transmitter of that type of energy
CONVERSION
Involves the direct transfer of energy from a material with a higher temperature to one with a lower temperature without the need for an intervening medium or contact
RADIATION
A material must absorb energy to evaporate and thus change form from a liquid to a gas or vapor
EVAPORATION
This energy is absorbed in the form of heat derived from the material itself or from an adjoining material, resulting in a decrease in temperature
EVAPORATION
The application of modalities to the surface of the body that heat primarily the surface tissues
Superficial thermal agents
Are those that primarily change the temperature of the skin and of superficial subcutaneous tissues. This may also include the shadow tissues in our body, tissues near our skin
Superficial thermal agents
Generally penetrates to depths of less than 2cm from the surface of the skin
Superficial thermal agents
Use electromagnetic waves such as radio waves, microwaves, and light waves to transport electrical and magnetic energy through space to effect changes in body structures
ELECTROMAGNETIC MODALITIES
The application of modalities that cause a tissue temperature rise in deeper tissues (3-4cm below the skin)
Deep thermal agents
Literally means “to heat through”
DIATHERMY
Involves the use of electromagnetic energy passing through and being absorbed by the body and then converted into heat Form of heat that works by conversion. Targets the deep structures of the body.
DIATHERMY
Can increase the temperature of large areas of deep tissue, thus, its use is indicated when one is trying to achieve the clinical benefits of heat in deep structures
DIATHERMY
Uses electrotherapeutic currents and waveforms to influence physiological effects on client body structures and functions
ELECTRIC MODALITIES
Influence physiologic change in tissues to increase circulation
facilitate tissue healing, modify edema, and modulate pain
ELECTRIC MODALITIES
Different Electric Modalities:
- Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
- Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
- Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair (ESTR)
- High-Voltage Pulsed Current stimulation (HVPC)
Uses surface electrodes to deliver a pulsed electrical current through the skin to stimulate nerves for controlling and relieving pain.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
Refers to eliciting a muscle contraction with electrical currents
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
Stimulation of innervated muscle to restore muscle function (Applied to clients for clients with peripheral nerve injury)
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
Activates muscles with electrical stimulation to perform functional activities.
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
Uses electrical stimulation for edema reduction, enhancement of circulation, and wound management
Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair (ESTR)
A twin-peak, monophasic, pulsed current driven by its characteristically high electromotive force or voltage
High-Voltage Pulsed Current stimulation (HVPC)
Refers to therapeutic use of mechanical devices to apply force such as compression, distraction, vibration, or controlled mobilization to modify biomechanical properties and functions of tissues.
MECHANICAL MODALITIES
Effects of these mechanical modalities include increased circulation and lymphatic flow or increased tissue and joint mobility
MECHANICAL MODALITIES
A mechanical force applied to the body in a way that separates the joint surfaces and elongates surrounding soft tissues.
Mechanical traction
A mechanical force that increases external pressure on the body or a body part
External compression
