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D&D - Unit III > Intro to Dermatology > Flashcards

Intro to Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Skin

A
  1. Decoration/Beauty
  2. Barrier –> physical, light, immunologic
  3. Vitamin D synthesis
  4. Water Homeostasis
  5. Thermoregulation
  6. Insulation/Calorie Reservoir
  7. Touch/Sensation
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2
Q

Fitzpatrick Skin Types

A

Types I - VI
Factors in: hair color, eye color, skin color, freckles, how easily you sunburn, and if you tan

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3
Q

Fitzpatrick Type I

A

Red/blond hair
Blue/green eyes
White skin
+++ Freckles
Always sunburn
Don’t tan

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4
Q

Fitzpatrick Type II

A

Blond/brown hair
Light to medium eyes
Fair skin
++ Freckles
Easily sunburn
Minimally tan

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5
Q

Fitzpatrick Type III

A

Brown hair
Medium to dark eyes
Light brown skin
+ Freckles
Initially sunburn
Gradually tan

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6
Q

Fitzpatrick Type IV

A

Medium to dark hair
Dark eyes
Moderate brown skin
0 freckles
Minimally sunburn
Tans well

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7
Q

Fitzpatrick Type V

A

Dark hair
Dark eyes
Dark brown skin
0 freckles
Rarely sunburn
Dark tan

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8
Q

Fitzpatrick Type VI

A

Dark hair
Dark eyes
Black skin
0 freckles
Never sunburn
Always tan

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9
Q

Components of the Skin

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Adnexal Structures
  4. Subcutaneous fat
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10
Q

Cells of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells

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11
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Form barrier layer; synthesize keratin; involved in defined cycle of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis

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12
Q

Melanocytes

A

Pigment producing cells; arise from neural crest

Located primarily in basal layer of epidermis in hair follicles

Synthesize melanin, which protects DNA from UV damage

Melanin is packaged in melanosomes (granules)

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13
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Dendritic cells found in small numbers in all epidermal layers

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14
Q

Where do we get variation in skin color?

A
  1. Type of melanin produced
    • Eumelanin: black to brown pigment
    • Pheomelanin: yellow to red-brown pigment
  2. Distribution of melanosomes
    • Light Skin: melanosomes distributed in clusters above the nucleus
    • Dark Skin: melanosomes distributed individually throughout the cytoplasm
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15
Q

What DOES NOT influence skin color variation?

A

of melanocytes in skin

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16
Q

How frequently does your skin renew?

A

~ every 28 days

17
Q

Layers of epidermis

A
  1. stratum basalis (germinativum) = Basal cell Layer
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum granulosum
  5. stratum corneum
18
Q

Stratum basalis

A

Consists of a single layer of columnar or cuboidal cells (keratinocytes)

• Basal keratinocytes are the stem cells of the epidermis

  • Hemidesmosomes: attach basal cells are firmly to the basal lamina of the dermal-epidermal junction
  • Desmosomes: attach keratinocytes to each other
  • Tonofilaments: protein structures (keratin filaments) that insert into the dense plaques of desmosomes on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane
19
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Has a “prickly” or spiny appearance due to desmosome attachments between cells

  • intercellular adhesion depends upon the tonofilament-desmosome interaction in the distribution of stress
  • synthesis of involucrin and membrane coating granules begins in this layer
20
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Keratohyalin granules contain Profilaggrin (filaggrin precursor). Filaggrin cross-links keratin tonofilaments and is important in the barrier function of the skin.

21
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

under the light microscope, a thin, light staining band seen only in thick skin

• cells of this layer no longer have nuclei or organelles

22
Q

Stratum corneum

A
  • the outermost layers of epidermis
  • keratinocytes have lost their nuclei and organelles and the entire cell is filled with keratin
  • desmosomes still connect tightly packed adjacent cells
23
Q

Layers of Dermis

A
  1. Papillary layer
  2. Reticular layer
24
Q

Papillary layer of dermis

A

Site of attachment to epidermis and necessary to its development and differentiation

  • contains capillary network that is blood supply for epidermis
  • pathway for defense cells
  • contains Meissner’s corpuscles which sense touch
25
Q

Reticular layer of dermis

A
  • contains extensive collagen and elastic fibers that provide strength and flexibility
  • houses (along with hypodermis) epidermal derivatives such as glands and hairs and plays a major role in their development and functioning
  • pathway for major blood vessels arranged specifically to facilitate thermoregulation
  • site of nerve tracts and major sensory receptors
  • Pacinian corpuscles sense vibration, pressure and touch
26
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A
  • detect delicate touch
  • are most commonly found in the dermal papillae of thick skin
  • consist of Schwann cells and sensory nerve terminals wrapped by fibroblasts and collagen
27
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A
  • are rapidly adapting receptors that detect changes in deep pressure (vibrations)
  • are found in the dermis of both thin and thick skin
  • large structures resembling an onion
  • the concentric layers are composed of flattened connective tissue like cells interspersed with intercellular fluid and collagen
  • a single sensory nerve fiber terminates within this structure
28
Q

Adnexal structures of skin

A
  1. Apocrine sweat glands
  2. Eccrine sweat glands
  3. Hair
  4. Nails
  5. Sebaceous glands
29
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A
  • Specialized sweat glands located in the axillary, pubic and perianal regions
  • produce a milky, viscid, carbohydrate-rich secretion
  • begin to function in puberty
  • have ducts which empty into hair follicles just above sebaceous glands
30
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A
  • Traditional sweat glands distributed over most of the body
  • Not found in the lips, under the nails or on the glans penis, glans clitoris, or labia minora
  • Watery, enzyme-rich secretion
  • Important for thermoregulation (cooling)
31
Q

Hair

A
  • Develop in utero with down growth of the epidermis forming a pilosebaceous unit
  • The hair itself consists of a central medulla of soft keratin, and a cortex and cuticle of hard keratin.
  • Hair growth is intermittent; a growth period of 2 to 3 years is followed by a rest period of several months.
  • Pigment comes from melanocytes at the base of the hair
32
Q

Sebaceous glands

A
  • Oil glands which secrete sebum, a complex mixture of lipids
  • develop along with hair follicles and empty their secretion into the upper one-third of hair follicles
  • development accelerated at puberty

D&D - Unit III (12 decks)

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