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gross anatomy unit 3 > intro to cranial nerves > Flashcards

intro to cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

oflactory

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2
Q

CN II

A

optic

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3
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor

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4
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear

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5
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal

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6
Q

CN VI

A

abducens

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7
Q

CN VII

A

facial

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

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9
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

CN X

A

vagus

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11
Q

CN XI

A

accessory

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12
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

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13
Q

general

A

associated with a large area (body wall and limbs or viscera)

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14
Q

special

A

associasted with one organ or area (special sense)

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15
Q

somatic

A

striated muscle derived from somites

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16
Q

visceral

A

associated with GI tract either striated muscle derived from branchial arches or parasympathetic to smooth muscle and glands

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17
Q

afferent

A

sensory (impulse conduction toward brain)

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18
Q

efferent

A

motor (impulse conduction from brain)

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19
Q

afferents

A

GSA
GVA
SSA
SVA

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20
Q

general somatic afferent (GSA)

A

touch, temperature, pressure, pain, proprioception from body wall and limbs

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21
Q

general visceral afferent (GVA)

A

temperature, pressure, pain from viscera (GI tract)

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22
Q

special somatic afferent (SSA)

A

vision, hearing, balance

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23
Q

special visceral afferent (SVA)

A

smell, taste (the “chemical senses”, relating to eating)

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24
Q

efferents

A

GSE
SVE
GVE

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25
Q

general somatic efferent (GSE)

A

to striated muscles derived from somites = muscles of the eye (extraocular muscles) and the tongue

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26
Q

special visceral efferent (SVE)

A

to striated muscles dervied from branchial arches = muscles involved in eating and swallowing except for the tongue (i.e. muscles of facial expression, mastication, pharynx, and larynx)

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27
Q

general visceral efferent (GVE)

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to smooth muscle and glands

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28
Q

mastication

A

arch 1, V3

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29
Q

facial expression

A

arch 2, VII

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30
Q

pharyngeal muscle

A

arch 3, IX

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31
Q

muscles of pharynx and larynx

A

arch 4, X

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32
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebrum (olfactory nerve, I)

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33
Q

dicenphalon

A

optic nerve, II

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34
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain (oculomotor, III, and trochlear, IV)

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35
Q

metencephalon

A

cerebellum

pons (trigeminal, V)

36
Q

myelencephalon

A

pons-medulla junction (abducens, VI; facial, VII; vestibulocochlear, VIII)

medulla (glosopharyngeal, IX; Vagus, X; accessory, XI; hypoglossal, XII)

37
Q

cranial nerve attachments to midbrain

A

III, IV

38
Q

cranial nerve attachments to pons

A

V

39
Q

cranial nerve attachments to pons - medulla junction

A

VI, VII, VIII

40
Q

cranial nerve attachments to medulla

A

IX, X, XII

41
Q

cranial nerve attachments to spinal cord

A

XI

42
Q

cribiform plate

A

CN I

43
Q

optic canal

A

CN II

44
Q

sup. orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI

45
Q

foramen rotundum

A

CN V2

46
Q

foramen ovale

A

CN V3

47
Q

interal auditory meatus

A

CN VII, VIII

48
Q

jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI

49
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

50
Q

olfactory nerve

A

consists of numerous bundles of unmyelinated axons from bipolar neurons in the nasal mucosa

51
Q

olfactory nerve

A

CN I

axons from the mitral cells pass to the telencephalon as the olfactory tract; the olfactory nerve is classified as SVA. (special sense, visceral [smell and taste are associated with the visceral of GI tract], afferent [sensory])

52
Q

optic nerve

A

CN II
the optic nerves are formed by the axons of ganglion cells in the retina

SSA fibers (special sense, somatic, afferent)

53
Q

location of optic chiasm and tracts

A

diencephalon

54
Q

oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerves

A

motor neves to extraocular muscles

III, IV, VI

55
Q

CN III, IV, and VI

A

motor nerves to muscles of the orbit that are derived from head somites (GSE); they supply the extraocular muscles that move the eye

56
Q

CN III (oculomoter) and cranial nerve IV (trochlear)

A

arise from the midbrain (mesencephalon)

57
Q

the oculomotoer nervve CN III

A

innervates most of the extraocular muscles (GSE); provides parasympathetic preganglionic fibers (GVE) to the ciliary ganglion whose postganglionic fibers help control pupillary diameter

58
Q

trochlear nerve (CN IV)

A

supplies one eye muscle, the superior oblique; it is the only cranial nerve to original from the dorsal or superior surface of the midbrain

59
Q

abducens (or abducent nerve) (CN VI)

A

supplies one eye muscle, the lateral rectus; it is actually a nerve of the myelencephalon and arise from the brain at the pons-medulla junction; it travels into the orbit with the cranial nerves III, IV, and V1

60
Q

trochlear nerve

A

left outside of the tendinous ring; its muscle (superior onliue) also doesn’t attach to the ring

61
Q

trigeminal nerve (V)

A

attached to the middle pons at the level of the cerebellar peduncle; it has motor and sensory roots; most cell bodies contributing to the sensory root are located in the trigeminal ganglion which lies in a pocket of dura mater just lateral to the cavernous sinus; sensory neurons of the trigeminal nerve (V3) innervate structures anterior to the vertex-ear-chin line (GSA). the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3) also contains motor neurons; these inntervate the muscles of mastication that develop from the first branchial arch (SVE)

62
Q

exits of trigeminal nerve branches

A

sup. orbital fissure (CN III, IV, V1, VI)

foramen rotundum (CN V2)

foramen ovale (CN V3)

63
Q

where do cranial nerves VI, VII, and VIII arise from

A

from the brain at the pons-medulla junction

64
Q

the pyramids

A

a pair of ridges, lie on either side of the anterior median fissure of the medulla; just lateral are bumps called the olives

65
Q

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

A

emerges from the groove between the pyramid and olive

66
Q

glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves (IX, X, and XI)

A

emerge posterior to the olives in the postolivary fissure

67
Q

facial nerve motor components

A

the facial nerve innervates muscles of facial epression plus stapedius, stylohyoid, and psoterior digastrist; these are striated muscles derived from the 2nd branchial arch, so teh nerve modality is SVE

68
Q

facial nerve sensory component

A

sense of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, so SVA; cell bodies for taste fibers are in the geniculate ganglion

69
Q

facial nerve parasympathetic components

A

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers (GVE) are in the greater petrosal nerve and the chorda tympani

70
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve VIII

A

vestibulo (vestibule - balance); cochlear (cochlea - hearing); Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)

71
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve

A

special (special sense) somatic (hearing and balance) afferent (sensory), therefore SSA; inputs to dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei (hearing); inputs to vestibular nuclei (balance, control of extraocular muscles)

72
Q

glossopharyngeal n (CN IX)

A

general sense from middle ear (GSA), general sense from pharynx and psoterior tongue (GVA), taste from posterior tongue (SVA), motor to stylopharyngeus (SVE), parasympathetic supply to parotid gland (GVE)

73
Q

vagus nerve (CN X)

A

GVA from GI tract, lungs, heart
GVE parasympathetic preganglionic to GI tract
SVE to 4th arch: pharynx, larynx muscles

74
Q

accessory nerve (CN XI)

A

SVE or GSE to striated muscle, depending on text

75
Q

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A

the hypoglossal nerve innervates all muscles whose name ends in “glossus,” except palatoglossus; GSE to striated muscles from somites

76
Q

GVE

A

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers in cranial nerves III, VII, and IX go to ganglia in the head, controlling lens and pupil of eye, and secretion from mucus and salivary glands

77
Q

cranial nerves

A

locations of nuclear columns derived from primitive neural tube

78
Q

somatic and visceral sensory

A

are dorsal (posterior)

79
Q

somatic and visceral motor

A

are anterior

80
Q

cranial nerve nuclei

A

sometimes contribute to more than one cranial nerve; are in order anterior to posterior

81
Q

GSE (somatic motor)

A

oculomoter (III), trochlear (IV), abducens (VI), spinal accessory (XI), hypoglossal (XII)

82
Q

SVE (branchial motor)

A

trigeminal motor (V), facial motor (VII), ambiguus (IX, X)

83
Q

GVE (visceral motor - parasympathetic preganglionic)

A

edinger-wesphal (III), superior salivatory (VII), inferior salivatory (IX), dorsal motor vagal (X)

84
Q

SSA (special sensory)

A

vestibular (VIII), cochlear (VIII)

85
Q

GSA (somatic sensory)

A

mesencephalic, main, spinal trigeminal (V)

86
Q

GVA (visceral sensory)

A

solitarius (IX, X)

87
Q

SVA (taste)

A

solitarius (VII, IX, X)

gross anatomy unit 3 (5 decks)

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