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Community and Public Health > Intro to CPH > Flashcards

Intro to CPH Flashcards

1
Q

Derived from hal (hale, sound, whole)

A

Health

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2
Q

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease and infirmity
(World Health Organization)

A

Health

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3
Q

A dynamic state or condition of the
human organism that is
multidimensional in nature, a resource
for living, and results from a person’s
interactions with and adaptations to his
or her environment; therefore, it can
exist in varying degrees and is specific to
each individual and his or her situation

A

Health

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4
Q

Five Domains of Health

A

 Gestational Endowments (Genetic
makeup)

 Social Circumstances (education, employment, income, poverty, housing, crime and social cohesion)

 Environmental Conditions (toxic
agents, microbial agents, and
structural hazards)

 Behavioral Choices (diet, physical
activity, substance use and abuse)

 Available quality of medical care

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5
Q

A collective body of individuals
identified by common characteristics
such as geography,

A

Community

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6
Q
  • sense of identity and
    belonging
A

Membership

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7
Q

similar
language, rituals and ceremonies

A

Common symbol systems

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8
Q

community
members have influence and are
influenced by each other

A

Mutual influence

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9
Q

Shared members share common history experience and mutual support

A

shared emotional connection

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10
Q

a place where
people provide leadership in
assessing their own resources and needs, where public health and social
infrastructure and policies support health, and where essential public health
services, including quality health care, are
available

A

Healthy Community

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11
Q

The science and art of preventing
disease, prolonging life, and
promoting health through the organized
efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private
communities, and individuals (CEA
Winslow)

A

Public Health

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12
Q

Actions that society takes collectively
to ensure that the conditions in which
people can be healthy

A

Public Health

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13
Q

Prevention, treatment, and management of
illness and the preservation of mental and
physical well-being through the services
offered by medical and allied health
professions; also known as health care

A

Clinical Care

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14
Q

Factor that contributes to the generation of a
trait

A

Determinant

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15
Q

Occurrence in a community or region of
cases of an illness, specific health-related
behavior, or other health-related event
clearly in excess of normal expectancy. Both terms are used interchangeably;
however, epidemic usually refers to a larger

geographic distribution of illness or health-
related events

A

Epidemic or Outbreak

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16
Q

Result of a medical condition that directly
affects the length or quality of a person’s life

A

Health Outcome

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17
Q

Action of Ministration that produces an effect
or is intended to alter the course of a
pathologic process

A

Intervention

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18
Q

Action of Ministration that produces an effect
or is intended to alter the course of a
pathologic process

A

Intervention

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19
Q

Denoting a disease affecting or attacking the
population of an extensive region, country or
continent

A

Pandemic

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20
Q

Approach to health that aims to improves the
health of an entire population

A

Population Health

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21
Q

Action so as to ab=void, forestall,or circumvent a happening, conclusion, or phenomenon eg diease

A

Prevention

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22
Q

those activities undertaken within
the formal structure of
government and the associated
efforts of private and voluntary
organizations and individuals

A

Public Health System

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23
Q

 the health status of a defined group
of people and the actions and
conditions to promote, protect and preserve their health

A

Community Health

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24
Q

describes health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend
national boundaries, may be
influenced by circumstances or
experiences in other countries, and
are best addressed by cooperative
actions and solutions

A

Global Health

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25
Q

individual actions and decision- making that affect the health of an
individual or his or her immediate family
members or friends

 Choosing to eat wisely, to regularly
wear a safety belt, and to visit the
physician

A

Personal Health Activities

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26
Q

activities that are aimed at protecting
or improving the health of a population
or community
 Maintenance of accurate birth and
death records, protection of the food
and water supply, and participating
in fund drives for voluntary health
organizations

A

Community and Public Health Activities

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27
Q

Tropical countries where warm, humid
temperatures and rain prevail throughout
the year = parasitic and infectious
disease

A

Geography

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28
Q

 Temperate climates with fewer parasitic
and infectious diseases and a more than
adequate supply = obesity and heart
disease

A

Geography

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29
Q

Many experts believe that if we continue
to allow uncontrolled population growth
and continue to deplete nonrenewable natural resources, succeeding
generations will inhabit communities that
are less desirable than ours

A

Environment

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30
Q

Many feel that we must accept
responsibility for this stewardship and
drastically reduce the rate at which we
foul the soil, water, and air

A

Environment

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31
Q

The larger the community, the greater its
range of health problems and the greater
its number of health resources

 The ability of a community to effectively
plan, organize, and utilize its resources
can determine whether its size can be
used to good advantage

A

Community Size

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32
Q

It provides a
community with added resources for
community health programs, but it may
bring with it environmental pollution and
occupational injuries and illnesses

A

Industrial Development

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33
Q

The __ of those in a community about
such specific health behaviors as
exercise and smoking can influence
policy makers on whether or not they
will spend money on bike lanes on the
roads and recreational bike trails and
work toward no-smoking ordinances.

A

Beliefs

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34
Q

__ toward no-smoking ordinances.  Prejudices of one specific ethnic or
racial group against another can result
in acts of violence and crime

A

Prejudice

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35
Q

An economic downturn means lower
tax revenues (fewer tax dollars) and
fewer contributions to charitable groups. Such actions will result in fewer dollars
being available for programs such as
welfare, food stamps, community
health care, and other community
services

A

Economy

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36
Q

Those who happen to be in political office
can improve or jeopardize the health
of their community by the decisions
(i.e., laws and ordinances) they make
 State and local politicians also influence
the health of their communities each
time they vote on health-related
measures brought before them

A

Politics

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37
Q

Some religious communities limit the
type of medical treatment their
members may receive. Some do not
permit immunizations; others do not
permit their members to be treated by
physicians. Still others prohibit certain
foods

A

Religion

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38
Q

Some religious communities limit the
type of medical treatment their
members may receive. Some do not
permit immunizations; others do not
permit their members to be treated by
physicians. Still others prohibit certain
foods

A

Religion

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39
Q

Some religious communities actively
address moral and ethical issues such
as abortion, premarital intercourse, and
homosexuality. Still other religions teach
health-promoting codes of living to their
members

A

religion

40
Q

The influence of social norms on
community and public health can be
positive or negative and can change over
time.

A

Social Norm

41
Q

The influence of social norms on
community and public health can be
positive or negative and can change over
time.

A

Social Norm

42
Q

Differences in SES whether defined by
education, employment, or income, both
individual- and community-level
socioeconomic status have independent
effects on health
 There is a strong correlation between
SES and health status—individuals in
lower SES groups, regardless of other
characteristics, have poorer health status

A

Socioeconomic Status

43
Q

The more individuals who become immunized
against a specific communicable disease, the
slower the disease will spread and the fewer
people will be exposed. This concept is
known as herd immunity

A

Individual Behaviors

44
Q

It is the process by which community groups
are helped to identify common problems or
change targets, mobilize resources, and
develop and implement strategies for reaching
their collective goals

A

Community Organization

45
Q

If a community can organize its resources
effectively into a unified force, it is likely to
produce benefits in the form of increased
effectiveness and productivity by reducing
duplication of efforts and avoiding the imposition of solutions that are not congruent
with the local culture and needs

A

Community Organization

46
Q

According to the __,  As the nation’s leader in health, we are
committed to guarantee equitable, accessible and quality health
services for all Filipinos

A

Department of Health

47
Q

According to the __  Public health aims to provide maximum
benefit for the largest number of people

A

World Health
Organization,

48
Q

Prior to 2000 BCE - Archeological
findings provide evidence of sewage
disposal with written medical
prescriptions

 Circa 1900 BCE - Perhaps earliest
written record of public health was the
Code of Hammurabi; included laws for
physicians and health practices

 Circa 1500 BCE - Bible’s book of
Leviticus written; includes guidelines for
personal cleanliness and sanitation

A

Early Civilizations
 Ancient Societies (before 500 B.C.E)

49
Q

Evidence that Greek men participated in
games of strength and skill and swam in
public facilities
 Greeks were involved in practice of
community sanitation; involved in
obtaining water from sources far away
and not just local wells
 Romans were community minded;
improved on community sanitation of
Greeks; built aqueducts to transport water
from miles away, built sewer systems, created regulation for building
construction, refuse removal, and street
cleaning and repair, created hospitals as
infirmaries for slaves
 Christians created hospitals as
benevolent charitable organizations
 476 CE - Roman Empire fell and most
public health activities ceased

A

Classical Cultures (500 BCE - 500 CE)
 Fifth and sixth centuries BCE

50
Q

500 - 1500 CE (Dark Ages) - Growing
revulsion for Roman materialism and a growth
of spirituality; health problems were
considered to have both spiritual causes
and spiritual solutions, a time referred to as
the spiritual era of public health

All Failure to take into account the role of the
physical and biological environment in the
causation of communicable diseases resulted
in many unrelenting epidemics in which
millions suffered and died
 543 CE and 1348 CE (Black Death) - Deadliest epidemics were from plague
that killed 25 million; half of population of
London lost and in some parts of France
only 1 in 10 survived
 1200 CE - More than 19,000 leper
houses
 Other epidemics of the period: Smallpox, diphtheria, measles, influenza,
tuberculosis, anthrax, and trachoma
 1492 CE - Syphilis epidemic was last
epidemic of the period

A

Middle Ages

51
Q

Rebirth of thinking about the nature of world
and humankind
 Belief that disease was caused by
environmental, not spiritual, factors; for
example, the term malaria, meaning bad air, is
a direct reference to humid or swampy air
 Observation of ill led to more accurate
descriptions of symptoms and outcomes of
diseases; observations led to first recognition
of whooping cough, typhus, scarlet fever, and
malaria as distinct and separate diseases
 1662 - John Graunt published the
Observations on the Bills of Mortality, which was the beginning of vital statistics
 Epidemics (smallpox, malaria, and plague) still
rampant; plague epidemic killes 68,596 (15%
of the population) in London 1665
 Explorers, conquerors, and merchants and
their crews spread disease to colonists and
indigenous people throughout the New
World

A

Renaissance and Exploration

52
Q

500 million infected worldwide in 1918

A

Influenza

53
Q

Vaccine introduced in 1955
 Eradication initiative launched in 1988

A

Polio

54
Q

34 million living with HIV worldwide
 20% decline in new infections since 2001

A

HIV

55
Q

300 million+ cases
 5 million+ deaths

A

COVID-19

56
Q

Plague used as a weapon of war during
the Siege of Kaffa

A

Biological Warfare

57
Q

The world’s first written health code

A

Book of Leviticus

58
Q

Laws banning smoking in public places

A

Tobacco Laws

59
Q

Food labeling and promotion of physical
activity

A

Obesity

60
Q

Ancient Filipinos regarded health as a
harmonious relationship with the environment, both natural and supernatural
 They put faith in nature

A

Pre-Spanish Era (Before 1565)

61
Q

are the mediators between
physical and spiritual world, also called as
the healers in the community

A

Babaylans

62
Q

Disharmony of spiritual world is
believed to be the cause of

A

disease

63
Q

San Lazaro church and hospital represents
early medical healthcare in the Spanish era
 Establishment and administration of some of
the first health institutions in the country were
also accomplished by Spanish Friars
 Creation of Hospitals and Medical
institutions (Hospital Real, 1st in the
Philippines)
 Hospital Real is built in Cebu but
relocated in Manila and funded by
King Phillip II

A

Spanish Era (1565 - 1898)

64
Q

It is when vaccine for smallpox has been
discovered

A

spanish era

65
Q

They provided for better healthcare by
building more hospitals and implementing
measures to prevent the spread of
diseases

A

American period

66
Q

Board of Health for Philippine
Islands
 Sanitation practices
 Anti-tuberculosis campaign
 It is when UP Manila Medicine opened

A

American Period

67
Q

 Made sure that Philippines will gain
freedom from Americans
 Philippine Health Service

A

Jones Law

68
Q

 Incidence of tuberculosis, malaria, and severe
malnutrition increased among the lower
classes.

A

Japanese Occupation (1942 - 1945)

69
Q

Food and medicine scarcity

A

Japanses Occuption

70
Q

 Creation of National Advisory Council to study
problems of public health and sanitation and
to make recommendations for their
improvement and the promotion of medical
research
 In charge of all city health offices, the Bureau
of Health, the Bureau of Quarantine, and a
new division, the Bureau of Hospitals
 Manuel Roxas made sure that National
Health Care is available

A

Department of Health (1947 - Present)

71
Q

provides practical means to
pay for medical care (what we have now
as PHILHEALTH)

A

MEdiCare

72
Q

Philippine Medical Care Act of 1969
“Medicare”

A

Marcos Administration (1965 - 1986)

73
Q

RA 5527

A

Philippine Medical Technology Act
of 1969

74
Q

The principles behind PHC were accessibility, community participation, health promotion, the
use of appropriate

A

Primary Health Care for All

75
Q

For Filipinos to be aware of the
consequences of smoking

A

Yosi Kadiri

76
Q

 First female secretary of Health
 Early Childhood Development Program
 Botika ng Barangay
 Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of
1997

A

Dr. Carmencita Reodica

77
Q

 Health Sector Reform Agenda
 National Health Passport
 Oks and Oks Mass Treatment of
Schistosomiasis
 Rabies Elimination Program in the Visayas

A

Estrada Administration

78
Q

TB Directly Observed Treatment-Short Course
program (TB- DOTS)
 SARS Outbreak: Five Strategic Action on
SARS
 FOURmula ONE for Health: healthcare
financing, regulation,

A

Arroyo Administration

79
Q

 Oplan Alis Disease: Ceasefire for Children
 Doctors to the Barrios Program
 Yosi Kadiri
 For Filipinos to be aware of the
consequences of smoking
 Strategic and Tactical Options for the
Prevention of Disaster, Epidemics and
 Trauma or STOP D.E.A.T.H
 Tubig, Kubeta, Oresol (TKO): Kontra Kolera
 Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy and Family Planning:
Kung Sila’y Mahal N’yo, Magplano
 ASIN Law
 National Blood Services Act of 1994
 National Health Insurance Act of 1995

A

Fidel Ramos and Juan Flavier (1992 - 1995)

80
Q

 Increase in health budget
 The Milk Code
 Field Epidemiology Training Program
 Generics Drug Act
 Magna Carta for Public Health Workers

A

Aquino Administration (1986 - 1992)

81
Q

 Reproductive Health Law
 Responsible Parenthood Act

A

Aquino Administration

82
Q

Universal Health Care Act
 Philippine Mental Health Law
 Bayanihan To Heal As One Act

A

Duterte Administration

83
Q

It deals with preventive rather than curative
aspects of health

 It deals with population level rather than
individual level health issues

A

Characteristics of Public Health

84
Q

Systematically collect, analyze, and make
available information on healthy
communities

A

Assessment

85
Q

Promote the use of scientific knowledge
base in policy and decision making

A

Policy

86
Q

Ensure provision of services to those in
need

A

Assurance

87
Q

Population focus
 Public health ethic
 Prevention or public health emphasis
Joint laboratory and field involvement
 Clinical sciences peripheral to
professional training
 Public sector basis

A

Public Health

88
Q

 Individual patient focus
 Personal service ethic
 Diagnosis and treatment emphasis
 Joint laboratory and patient involvement
 Clinical sciences essential to professional
training
 Private sector basis

A

Health Care

89
Q

 Vehicle for public discourse
 Health education and promotion
 Health communication
 Social media as catalyst

A

Media

90
Q

Employer-sponsored health insurance
programs
 Wellness initiatives and benefits
 Healthy workplaces and communities

A

Employers and Businesses

91
Q

 City planning
 Education
 Health in all policies

A

Government Agencies

92
Q

 Education
 Training
 Research
 Public Service

A

Academia

93
Q

a fatal intestinal disease, was
rampant during the early 1800s in London, causing death to tens of thousands of people
in the area

A

Cholera,

94
Q

was commonly thought to be caused
by bad air from rotting organic matter

A

Cholera

95
Q

Best known for his work tracing the source of
cholera outbreak
 Considered the Father of Modern
Epidemiology

A

John Snow, Physician

96
Q

John Snow’s research convinced the British
government that the source of cholera was
__

A

water contaminated with sewage

97
Q

is the fifth leading cause of death
from infectious disease worldwide and the
second leading cause in Africa

A

Malaria

Community and Public Health (5 decks)

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