Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases

Question 1

The link between health and economic
development is two-directional because health
depends on economic development in the same
way that economic development depends on
health
 Low income = poor health

Answer 1

Communicable Diseases

Question 2

Requires an agent and a means of
transmittting the infection to a susceptible
host within a suitable environment

Answer 2

Communicable Diseases

Question 3

needs to be able to multiply and
survive if its is to have an effect on the host

Answer 3

Causative agent (microorganism, bacteria,
fungi)

Question 4

is modified by education
and resources and altered by movements
of communities or individuals
 how they are aware, level of
understanding, moving from one
place to another

Answer 4

Social environment

Question 5

is affected by the
nature of the surroundings, seasonality
and climate change
 Where host lives
 There are two seasons: wet and dry
 During wet season, flu is common
 Dengue - prevalent only during the
wet season but it usually thrive on
places with stored water

Answer 5

Physical environment

Question 6

Common cold
Pneumonia
measles
Pertussis
Typhoid fever
Cholera

Answer 6

Acute Communicable
Diseases

Question 7

AIDS, Lyme disease, tuberculosis, syphilis, rheumatic fever following
streptococcal

Answer 7

Chronic Communicable
Diseases

Question 8

Infectious agent may be transmitted from its
natural reservoir to a susceptible host in different ways

Answer 8

Mode of Transmission

Question 9

 Implies the immediate transfer of the disease
agent between the infected and the
susceptible individuals
 Directly transmitted diseases: AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, rabies, and the
common cold

Answer 9

Direct Mode of Transmission

Question 10

Through skin to skin contact, kissing, sexual intercourse, contact with soil
or vegetation harboring infectious
agent (ex. hookworm infection that
directly penetrate our skin)

 Infectious mononucleosis (kissing
disease) caused by Epstein-Barr virus
through exchange of saliva or
glass/food utensil

Answer 10

 Direct contact

Question 11

droplet spray onto the conjunctiva or
onto the mucous membranes of the
eye, nose or mouth during sneezing, coughing, spitting, singing or talking
(usually limited to a distance of one
meter or less)

 direct spray over a few feet before a
droplet falls to the ground
 Pertussis and meningococcal
infection

Answer 11

Droplet spread

Question 12

Communicable disease transmission
involving an intermediate step

Answer 12

Indirect Mode of transmission

Question 13

Dissemination of microbial aerosols to
a suitable portal of entry, usually the
respiratory tract

Answer 13

airborne

Question 14

Microbial aerosols are suspensions of
dust or droplet nuclei made up wholly
or in part of microorganisms
 Airborne particles may remain
suspended and infective for long
periods of time
 Airborne Diseases: Tuberculosis,
influenza, histoplasmosis,
legionellosis and measles
 Carried by dust and droplet nuclei that
is suspended longer and may be
blown to a distance through
suspended particles (less than 5
microns)

Answer 14

airborne

Question 15

Contaminated materials or objects
(fomites) serve as vehicles

 The agent may or may not have multiplied
or developed on a vehicle

Answer 15

Vehicle borne

Question 16

inanimate material or object
that can serve as a source of
infection (ex. clothes, beddings, food
utensils, and surgical instrument)

Answer 16

Vehicle

Question 17

Diseases transmitted by vehicles:
Dysentery and Hepatitis
 Transport of causative agent through
food, water, biological product (blood
fomites),

Answer 17

Vehicel

Question 18

 Transfer of disease by a living organism
such as a mosquito, fly, or tick

Answer 18

Vector borne

Question 19

a living organism, usually an
arthropod that can transmit a
communicable agent to a
susceptible host

Answer 19

Vector

Question 20

via the contaminated
mouth parts or feet of the vector, multiplication and development of the
disease organism usually do not
occur

Answer 20

Mechanical

Question 21

involves multiplication or
developmental changes of the agent
in the vector before transmission
occurs

Answer 21

Biological

Question 22

Applied to disease that are easily
spread directly from person-to-person
 Examples: COVID-19, HIV,

Answer 22

Contagious

Question 23

are those disease NOT transmitted by
ordinary contact but require a direct
inoculation through a break in the
previously intact or mucous
membrane
 All contagious disease are infectious.

Answer 23

Infectious

Question 24

A model to conceptualize the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to a susceptible hoht

Answer 24

chain of infection

Question 25

also called as the pathogenic agent

Answer 25

Agent

Question 26

The cause of disease or health problem
 Influenza virus must be present for a
person to become ill with a flu

Answer 26

agent

Question 27

A person or other living organism that
affords subsistence or lodgment to a
communicable agent under natural
conditions
 any susceptible organism—a single- celled organism, a plant, an animal, or a
human—invaded by an infectious
agent

Answer 27

Host

Question 28

type of bacterium, virus,
fungus, parasite, rickettsia, chlamydia, etc.

Answer 28

Causative Agent

Question 29

• ability to cause disease

Answer 29

Pathogenicity

Question 30

disease severity,
invasiveness (ability to enter and move through tissue)

Answer 30

Virulence

Question 31

number of organisms
needed to initiate infection

Answer 31

Infective dose

Question 32

organism specificity
antigenic variations, elaboration of
toxins

Answer 32

Host preference

Question 33

capability of a
communicable disease agent to
cause a disease in a susceptible host

Answer 33

Infectivity

Question 34

the environment in which the
agent is found

Answer 34

 Reservoir

Question 35

man is the reservoir of
diseases that is more dangerous to
humans than other species

Answer 35

Human

Question 36

responsible for infestations
with thropozoites, worm, etc.

Answer 36

Animal

Question 37

• street dust, garden soil,
  lint from bedding

Answer 37

non animal

Question 38

Diseases or illnesses that cannot be
transmitted from one person to another

 Also known as chronic noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs)

Answer 38

Non-Communicable Diseases

Question 39

Diseases that are not transmissible directly
or indirectly from one person to another

 They are of long duration and generally
slow progression

 Result from combinations of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviors
factors

 Examples of NCDs: Cancer, cardiovascular
disease, diabetes, chronic lung illness, Diabetes , Parkinson’s disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, most heart
diseases, most cancers, chronic kidney
disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis,

Answer 39

Non-Communicable Diseases

Question 40

Appendicitis, poisoning, injury (due
to motor vehicle

Answer 40

acute noncommunicable disease

Question 41

Diabetes, coronary
heart disease, osteoarthritis, cirrhosis
of the liver due to
alcoholism

Answer 41

Chronic
Noncommunicable
Disease

Question 42

Complex etiology (causes)
 Multiple risk factors
 Long latency period
 Non-contagious origin
 Prolonged course of illness
 Functional impairment or disability
 Incurability
 Insidious onset

Answer 42

Characteristics of Non-communicable Diseases