Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

The link between health and economic
development is two-directional because health
depends on economic development in the same
way that economic development depends on
health
 Low income = poor health

A

Communicable Diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Requires an agent and a means of
transmittting the infection to a susceptible
host within a suitable environment

A

Communicable Diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

needs to be able to multiply and
survive if its is to have an effect on the host

A

Causative agent (microorganism, bacteria,
fungi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is modified by education
and resources and altered by movements
of communities or individuals
 how they are aware, level of
understanding, moving from one
place to another

A

Social environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

is affected by the
nature of the surroundings, seasonality
and climate change
 Where host lives
 There are two seasons: wet and dry
 During wet season, flu is common
 Dengue - prevalent only during the
wet season but it usually thrive on
places with stored water

A

Physical environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common cold
Pneumonia
measles
Pertussis
Typhoid fever
Cholera

A

Acute Communicable
Diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

AIDS, Lyme disease, tuberculosis, syphilis, rheumatic fever following
streptococcal

A

Chronic Communicable
Diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infectious agent may be transmitted from its
natural reservoir to a susceptible host in different ways

A

Mode of Transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

 Implies the immediate transfer of the disease
agent between the infected and the
susceptible individuals
 Directly transmitted diseases: AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, rabies, and the
common cold

A

Direct Mode of Transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Through skin to skin contact, kissing, sexual intercourse, contact with soil
or vegetation harboring infectious
agent (ex. hookworm infection that
directly penetrate our skin)

 Infectious mononucleosis (kissing
disease) caused by Epstein-Barr virus
through exchange of saliva or
glass/food utensil

A

 Direct contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

droplet spray onto the conjunctiva or
onto the mucous membranes of the
eye, nose or mouth during sneezing, coughing, spitting, singing or talking
(usually limited to a distance of one
meter or less)

 direct spray over a few feet before a
droplet falls to the ground
 Pertussis and meningococcal
infection

A

Droplet spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Communicable disease transmission
involving an intermediate step

A

Indirect Mode of transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dissemination of microbial aerosols to
a suitable portal of entry, usually the
respiratory tract

A

airborne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Microbial aerosols are suspensions of
dust or droplet nuclei made up wholly
or in part of microorganisms
 Airborne particles may remain
suspended and infective for long
periods of time
 Airborne Diseases: Tuberculosis,
influenza, histoplasmosis,
legionellosis and measles
 Carried by dust and droplet nuclei that
is suspended longer and may be
blown to a distance through
suspended particles (less than 5
microns)

A

airborne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contaminated materials or objects
(fomites) serve as vehicles

 The agent may or may not have multiplied
or developed on a vehicle

A

Vehicle borne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

inanimate material or object
that can serve as a source of
infection (ex. clothes, beddings, food
utensils, and surgical instrument)

A

Vehicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Diseases transmitted by vehicles:
Dysentery and Hepatitis
 Transport of causative agent through
food, water, biological product (blood
fomites),

18
Q

 Transfer of disease by a living organism
such as a mosquito, fly, or tick

A

Vector borne

19
Q

a living organism, usually an
arthropod that can transmit a
communicable agent to a
susceptible host

20
Q

via the contaminated
mouth parts or feet of the vector, multiplication and development of the
disease organism usually do not
occur

A

Mechanical

21
Q

involves multiplication or
developmental changes of the agent
in the vector before transmission
occurs

A

Biological

22
Q

Applied to disease that are easily
spread directly from person-to-person
 Examples: COVID-19, HIV,

A

Contagious

23
Q

are those disease NOT transmitted by
ordinary contact but require a direct
inoculation through a break in the
previously intact or mucous
membrane
 All contagious disease are infectious.

A

Infectious

24
Q

A model to conceptualize the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to a susceptible hoht

A

chain of infection

25
also called as the pathogenic agent
Agent
26
The cause of disease or health problem  Influenza virus must be present for a person to become ill with a flu
agent
27
A person or other living organism that affords subsistence or lodgment to a communicable agent under natural conditions  any susceptible organism—a single- celled organism, a plant, an animal, or a human—invaded by an infectious agent
Host
28
type of bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite, rickettsia, chlamydia, etc.
Causative Agent
29
- ability to cause disease
Pathogenicity
30
disease severity, invasiveness (ability to enter and move through tissue)
Virulence
31
number of organisms needed to initiate infection
Infective dose
32
organism specificity antigenic variations, elaboration of toxins
Host preference
33
capability of a communicable disease agent to cause a disease in a susceptible host
Infectivity
34
the environment in which the agent is found
 Reservoir
35
man is the reservoir of diseases that is more dangerous to humans than other species
Human
36
responsible for infestations with thropozoites, worm, etc.
Animal
37
- street dust, garden soil, lint from bedding
non animal
38
Diseases or illnesses that cannot be transmitted from one person to another  Also known as chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)
Non-Communicable Diseases
39
Diseases that are not transmissible directly or indirectly from one person to another  They are of long duration and generally slow progression  Result from combinations of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviors factors  Examples of NCDs: Cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic lung illness, Diabetes , Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, most heart diseases, most cancers, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis,
Non-Communicable Diseases
40
Appendicitis, poisoning, injury (due to motor vehicle
acute noncommunicable disease
41
Diabetes, coronary heart disease, osteoarthritis, cirrhosis of the liver due to alcoholism
Chronic Noncommunicable Disease
42
Complex etiology (causes)  Multiple risk factors  Long latency period  Non-contagious origin  Prolonged course of illness  Functional impairment or disability  Incurability  Insidious onset
Characteristics of Non-communicable Diseases