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[MT 6314] Pharmacology & Toxicology > Intro to CNS: Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Intro to CNS: Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Drug selectivity is based on the fact that different pathways use different transmitters, a primary goal of neuroscience has been to identify the neurotransmitters in CNS pathways

A

Central Neurotransmitters

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2
Q

Criteria for Transmitter Status:

Present in higher concentration in the synaptic area than in other areas

A

Localization

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3
Q

Criteria for Transmitter Status:

A suspected transmitter must reside in the presynaptic terminal of the pathway of interest

A

Localization

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3
Q

Criteria for Transmitter Status:

A suspected transmitter must be released from a neuron in response to neuronal activity and in a calcium-dependent manner.

A

Release

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4
Q

Criteria for Transmitter Status

Produce the same sort of postsynaptic response that is seen with physiologic activation of the synapse

A

Synaptic mimicry

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4
Q

Criteria for Transmitter Status:

Application of the candidate substance should produce a response that mimics the action of the transmitter released by nerve stimulation, and application of a selective antagonist should block the response

A

Synaptic mimicry

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5
Q

Criteria for Transmitter Status

Released by electrical or chemical stimulation via a

A

calcium-dependent mechanism

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5
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

  • 5% of neurons have receptors for ___
  • G protein-coupled muscarinic M1 receptors
A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

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6
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↓ slows excitation
↓ decreases permeability to potassium

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

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7
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Inhibitory actions at synapses in specific neuronal systems

A

Dopamine

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8
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

G protein-coupled activation of K+ channels

A

Dopamine

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8
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↑ increases cAMP

A

Dopamine

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8
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

D2 receptor is the main dopamine subtype

A

Dopamine

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9
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS + Effect

Activation of α1 and β1 receptors

A

Norepinephrine, Excitatory

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10
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS + Effect

↓ decreases K+ conductance

A

Norepinephrine, Excitatory

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11
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Activation of α2 and β2 receptors

A

Norepinephrine, Inhibitory

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11
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↑ increases K+ conductance

A

Norepinephrine, Inhibitory

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12
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Multiple 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtypes

A

Serotonin

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13
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Inhibitory at many CNS sites

A

Serotonin

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13
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Metabotropic

A

Serotonin

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13
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Excitatory depending on the receptor subtype activated

A

Serotonin

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14
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Excitatory for most neurons

A

Glutamic Acid

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14
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor

A

Glutamic Acid

15
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Inhibition of adenyl cyclase

A

Glutamic Acid

15
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

The Primary NTA mediating IPSPs

A

GABA

16
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Opens K+ channels

A

GABA(B) receptor activation

17
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Opens Cl- conductance

A

GABA(A) receptor activation

18
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Closes Ca2+ channels

A

GABA(B) receptor activation

18
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

More numerous in the cord

A

Glycine

19
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↑ increases Cl- conductance

A

Glycine

19
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Beta-endorphins, dynorphins

A

Opioid Peptides

20
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↓ decreases Ca2+ conductance

A

Opioid Peptides Inhibitory (presynaptic)

21
Q

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↑ increases K+ conductance

A

Opioid Peptides Inhibitory (postsynaptic)

22
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Glutamate

A

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter

22
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

GABA and Glycine

A

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter

22
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Ionotropic Receptor

A

GABA(A)

23
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Metabotropic Receptor

A

GABA (B)

23
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Catecholamines

A

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

24
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Dopamine

A

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

25
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Norepinephrine

A

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

25
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

5-Hydroxytryptamine

A

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

25
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Neurotensin

A

Neuropeptides

26
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Opioid Peptides (Enkephalins, Endorphins)

A

Neuropeptides

26
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Histamine

A

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

27
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Substance P

A

Neuropeptides

28
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Neuropeptide Y

A

Neuropeptides

28
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Somatostatin

A

Neuropeptides

29
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Cholecystokinin

A

Neuropeptides

30
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Vasoactive Intestinal polypeptide

A

Neuropeptides

31
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

A

Neuropeptides

32
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Orexin (Hypocretins)

A

Neuropeptides

32
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Endocannabinoids

A

Signaling Substance

32
Q

Type of Neurotransmitters

Nitric Oxide, Purine

A

Signaling Substance

33
Q

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters:

The high concentration of
glutamate in synaptic vesicles is achieved by the ______________.

A

vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)

34
Q

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters:

Is released into the synaptic cleft by Ca2+-dependent exocytosis

A

Glutamate

35
Q

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Categories

A
  1. Amino acid glutamate
  2. Neutral amino acids glycine & GABA

[MT 6314] Pharmacology & Toxicology (20 decks)

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