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[MT 6314] Pharmacology & Toxicology > [3S] Aminoglycosides & Spectinomycin > Flashcards

[3S] Aminoglycosides & Spectinomycin Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosides Excretion

A

Urine, with small portions of oral administrations excreted through feces

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2
Q

PKINETICS

● Limited tissue penetration (esp. BBB/eyes)
● Poorly absorbed orally
● Excretion is directly proportional to creatine clearance

A

All aminoglycosides

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3
Q

Gentamicin ROA

A

IV, IM, Topical, Ocular, Intrathecal

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4
Q

MOA

● Bactericidal (irreversible)
● Passive via porins
● Active via oxygen-dependent process
● Bind to 30S:
o Blocks initiation complex
o Misread mRNA
o Inhibit mRNA translocation

A

All aminoglycosides & spectinomycin

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5
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

● Gr(+) bacteria
● Gr(-) bacteria
o E. coli, Klebsiella, Providencia, Serratia, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas
● Staphylococci
● E. faecialis

A

Gentamicin & Tobramycin

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6
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

More active against Serratia

A

Gentamicin

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7
Q

Enhances the uptake of Gentamicin

A

Penicillin or Vancomycin

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8
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

NO ACTIVITY against anaerobes

A

ALL except Plazo, Strepto, Specti

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9
Q

TOXICITIES

● Nephrotoxicity
● Ototoxicity:
o Vestibular dysfunction
o Hearing loss

A

Gentamicin

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10
Q

Tobramycin ROA

A

IV, IM, IH

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11
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

More active against P. aeruginosa

A

Tobramycin

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12
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

● Lower RTIs
● Cystic fibrosis
● Superficial eye infections (ointments and drops)

A

Tobramycin

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13
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

NO ACTIVITY against anaerobes AND E. faecium

A

Tobramycin

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14
Q

TOXICITIES

● Ototoxic (rare)
● Nephrotoxic (rare)
● Neuromuscular blockade

A

Tobramycin

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15
Q

Amikacin ROA

A

IV

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16
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

● Gr(-) bacteria
o Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia
● Resistant to tobramycin/gentamicin-inactivating enzymes

A

Amikacin

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17
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

MDR and streptomycin-resistant TB

A

Amikacin

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18
Q

TOXICITIES

● Ototoxicity (Auditory damage)
● Nephrotoxicity
● Neuromuscular blockade

A

Amikacin

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19
Q

Netilmicin ROA

A

IV, IM, Topical, Ocular, Intrathecal, PO

20
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

● Gentamicin-resistant bacteria
● Tobramicin-resistant bacteria

A

Netilmicin

21
Q

Can be interchangeable with gentamicin and tobramycin

A

Netilmicin

22
Q

TOXICITIES

● Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
● Neuromuscular blockade

A

Netilmicin & Paromomycin

23
Q

Neomycin ROA

A

PO, Topical

24
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

● Gr(+) bacteria
● Gr(-) bacteria
● Some mycobacteria

A

Neomycin

25
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

● Infected skin lesions
● Elective bowel surgery
● Hepatic encelopathy

A

Neomycin

26
Q

TOXICITIES

● Ototoxicity (Auditory damage)
● Nephrotoxicity
● Neuromuscular blockade
● Irritation

A

Neomycin

27
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

NO ACTIVITY against P. aeruginosa, Streptococci + anaerobes

A

Neomycin, Kanamycin, Paromomycin

28
Q

TOXICITIES

Allergic reactions (contact dermatitis)

A

Neomycin

29
Q

Kanamycin ROA

A

PO, Topical, IV, IM

30
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

MDR-TB (but amikacin is preferred)

A

Kanamycin

31
Q

TOXICITIES

● Ototoxicity (auditory damage)
● Nephrotoxicity
● Neuromuscular blockade
● [For MDR-TB] Cross-resistance with amikacin

A

Kanamycin

32
Q

Paromomycin ROA

A

PO, Topical, IV, IM

33
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

● Visceral leishmaniasis
● Cutaneous leishmaniasis
● E. histolytica infections

A

Paromomycin

34
Q

Plazomicin ROA

A

IV

35
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Gr(-) bacilli
● Enterobacteriaceae
● Staphylococci
● cUTIs

A

Plazomicin

36
Q

TOXICITIES

● Possibly causes renal-related adverse effects
● Neuromuscular blockade

A

Plazomicin

37
Q

Streptomyces griseus

A

Streptomycin

38
Q

Streptomycin ROA

A

IM/IV

39
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

● MTB
● Viridans streptococci

A

Streptomycin

40
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

● Extracellular tubercle bacilli (second-line TB)
● TB (second-line) Plague Tularemia Brucellosis

A

Streptomycin

41
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS:

Penicillin:
o Enterococcal endocarditis
o Viridans
o Streptococcal endocarditis

A

Streptomycin

42
Q

TOXICITIES

● Ototoxicity (vestibulotoxic)
● Nephrotoxicity
● Hypersensitivity
● Neuromuscular blockade

A

Streptomycin

43
Q

Spectinomycin ROA

A

IM

44
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

● Drug-resistant gonorrhea
● Penicillin-allergic gonorrhea

A

Spectinomycin

45
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

NOT RECOMMENDED for pharyngeal gonococcal infections

A

Spectinomycin

46
Q

TOXICITIES

● Pain at injection site
● Fever
● Nausea

A

Spectinomycin

[MT 6314] Pharmacology & Toxicology (20 decks)

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