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CADE > Intro to CNS > Flashcards

Intro to CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges

A

CNS Coverings

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2
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

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4
Q

Telencephalon

A

Forebrain

Cerebral hemispheres

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5
Q

Diencephelon

A

Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Brain Stem
Sensory and homeostasis

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6
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Mid brain

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7
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons

Sleep and circadian rhythm

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8
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla

Heart rate and Respiration

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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Connected to metencephalon

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10
Q

Superior

A

Above midbrain:
Dorsal
Below midbrain:
Rostral

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11
Q

Anterior

A

Above midbrain:
Rostral
Below Midbrain:
Ventral

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12
Q

Posterior

A

Above midbrain:
Caudal
Below midbrain:
Dorsal

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13
Q

Inferior

A

Above midbrain:
Ventral
Below midbrain:
Caudal

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14
Q

Sulci

A

Crevices in the brain

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15
Q

Gyri

A

Bumps or ridges between sulci

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16
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

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17
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Pain and touch

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18
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory processes

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19
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Problem solving, higher thinking

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20
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal nerve

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21
Q

Cerebral peduncle

A

Collection of ascending and descending nerve tracts between cerebrum and pons

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22
Q

Olive

A

Olive shaped structures on either side of anterior face of medulla

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23
Q

Pyramid

A

Contain motor fibers within medulla

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24
Q

Fasciculus cunteatus

A

Lateral bundle of fiber nerves in medulla

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25
Q

Fasciculus gracilis

A

Medial bundle of nerve fibers in medulla

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26
Q

Meninges

A

Bone, dura mater, arachoid mater, pia mater

Protect the CNS

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27
Q

Bone

A

Skull around brain or vertebrae

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28
Q

Dura mater

A

Outer layer “tough mother”

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29
Q

Arachnoid

A

Middle layer, spider-web like

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30
Q

Pia mater

A

immediate covering, “delicate mother”

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31
Q

Epidural space

A

Bone/dura
Site for hematoma
Epidrual venous plexus

32
Q

Subdural space

A

Dura/arachnoid

Site for hematoma

33
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

arachnoid/pia

True space with CSF

34
Q

Plexus

A

Where things join together (veins or nerves)

35
Q

CSF

A 
Cerebro-spinal fluid
Clear, colorless liquid that fills and surround the CNS
Bathes brain and spinal cord
Nutrient and waste exchange
Cushion for CNS
Fills ventricles (space) inside the CNS
36
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Specialized vascular structure located in the ventricles

37
Q

Ventricles

A

2 lateral ventricles (cerebral hemispheres)

38
Q

Midline Third Ventricle

A

Diencephalon

39
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

Pons, medulla, cerebellum

40
Q

Central canal

A

Spinal cord (one of 3 doors for CSF to go through)

41
Q

Interventricular foramen of Monro

A

between later ventricles and third ventricle

Blockage is bad

42
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Between third and fourth ventricles

43
Q

Lateral apertures of Luschka

A

Let CSF flow

44
Q

Median aperture of Magendie

A

Below lateral apertures of luschka

45
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

One way valves where CSF can get from subarachnoid space to venous blood

46
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Occurs when too much CSF occupies the subarachnoid space

Buildup of fluid

47
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells specialized for receiving and transmitting information to effector cells
Dendrites and axons

48
Q

Dendrites

A

Neuron cell processes that receive info

49
Q

Axons

A

Neuron cell processes that transmit info

50
Q

Synapses

A

Where communication between neurons happens

51
Q

Neuronal Signals

A

Can be excitatory or inhibitory

52
Q

Glial cells

A

Insulate axons with myelin to ensure signal does not degrade over distance
Blood-brain barrier (bridges between neurons and blood vessels

53
Q

Transverse plan

A

Cute the face in half horizontally

54
Q

Coronal plane

A

Cut the face off

55
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Cut the face in half vertically

56
Q

Gray matter

A

Mainly neuron cell bodies, unmyelinated axons, synapses

In cross section of spinal cord creates an H shape

57
Q

White matter

A 
Myelinated axons, Transmit over long distances and fast,
Funiculus
Tract
Fasciculus
lemniscus
Bundle
58
Q

Gray matter horns

A

Posterior/dorsal horns
Lateral
Anterior/ventral

59
Q

Cervical Gray matter

A

High levels of gray matter

60
Q

Thoracic gray matter

A

Lower levels of gray matter, higher levels of white matter

61
Q

Lumbar gray matter

A

Highest gray matter, lowest white matter

62
Q

Nucleus (CNS)

A

Group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

63
Q

Ganglion

A

Group of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

64
Q

Substantia gelatinosa

A

Modifies sensation of pain

65
Q

Nucleus proprius

A

Carries info about pain and temp

66
Q

Dorsal nucleus of Clarke

A

Carries proprioceptive information about body

Where you are in space

67
Q

Lateral horn nuclei

A

Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetics at thoracic and lumbar spinal cord levels
Parasympathetics at sacral spinal cord levels

68
Q

Anterior/Ventral Horn

A

Organized medial to later
Medial nuclei supply muscles of trunk
Lateral nuclei supply muscles of limbs

69
Q

White matter

A

Divided into funiculi
Anterior/ventral
Lateral
Posterior/dorsal

70
Q

Dorsal funiculi

A

Sensory info about position, vibratory sense, and fine touch

2 columns

71
Q

Fasciculus gracilis

A

Legs

72
Q

Fasiculus cuneatus

A

Arms

73
Q

Lateral funiculi

A

Sensory and motor tracts

74
Q

Lateral funiculi sensory info

A

Cerebellum for balance

Thalamus for pain and temp

75
Q

Cervical Spinal cord

A

Wide and squashed, lots of white matter, ventral horn enlargement, gracilis and cuneatus

76
Q

Thoracic spinal cord

A

Round looking, lots of white matter, little gray matter, lateral horn

77
Q

Lumbar spinal cord

A

Round looking, little white matter, ventral horn enlargement, fasciculus gracilis

CADE (5 decks)

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