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CADE > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main structures of a typical vertebra

A

Vertebral body, pedicle, vertebral canal, laminae, transverse processes, spinous process

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2
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33 vertebrae:

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused), 4 Coccygeal (fused)

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3
Q

Superficial back

A

Posterior part of the trunk, inferior to the neck and superior to the gluteal region. Forms axis of body. Vertebral column and supporting muscles, spinal cord and associated tissues

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4
Q

Synovial (diarthroidal) joint

A

Between superior and inferior articulating processes that allow for movement

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5
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Pliable material between vertebral bodies

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6
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Made of cartilage, cushions between bodies, Ligaments in front and behind

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7
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Outer portion of intervertebral disc

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8
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Inner portion of intervertebral disc, often herniates, will tear and compress nerve

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9
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Compressing a nerve

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10
Q

Cranio-vertebral joints

A 
Atlanto-occipital joint
Atlanto-axial joint
Atlas: C1
Axis: C2
Occiptal: part of skull
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11
Q

Atlanto-occiptal joints

A

Highest joints that join to skull, lay between C1 and Occipital condyles, nodding head

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12
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A

Between C1 and C2, shaking head side to side

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13
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Checks EXTENSION of the vertebral column, continues superiorly as the anterior atlanto-axial ligament and then anterior atlanto-occiptal ligament

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14
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Checks FLEXION of the vertebral column, thinner, herniation at the back, continues superiorly as the tectorial ligament

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15
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Connect adjacent laminae, checks FLEXION of the vertebral column, From Occipital bone to C1: posterior atlanto-occiptal ligament. From C1 to C2: posterior atlanto-axial ligament

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16
Q

Interspinous Ligaments

A

Checks FLEXION, connects transverse processes

17
Q

Supraspinous ligaments

A

Connects tips of adjacent spinous processes (ligamentum nuchae at cervical levels), Check FLEXION

18
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

Skin—>supraspinous ligament—>interspinous ligament—>ligamentum flavum—>dura mater—>subarachnoid space (Where CSF is)

19
Q

Extrinsic back muscles

A

Muscle part is in one place, but action is elsewhere

  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboid major and minor
20
Q

Intermediate Group

A

Assists in holding the deep back muscles in place and are accessory muscles of respiration
-Serratus posterior superior and inferior

21
Q

Trapezius

A

Proximal: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12
Distal: Clavicle acromion, scapular spine
-Elevate shoulder blades, retract and depress scapula
-Cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve)
-Transverse cervical artery

22
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Proximal: Spinous processes T7-T12, thoracolumbar fasica, iliac crest
Distal: Floor of intertuburcular sulcus of humerus
Actions: Extension, adduction, medial/internal rotation of humerus; lifts body toward arm in climbing
Innervation and blood supply: by thoracodorsal nerve and artery

23
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Proximal: transverse processes, C1-C4
Distal: Superior angle of scapula
innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Blood: Dorsal scapular artery

24
Q

Rhomboid major and minor

A

Proximal: Minor: nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7, T1
Major: spinous processes of T2-T5
Distal: Medial border of scapula (minor superior to scapular spine, major below scapular spine)

25
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A

Actions: Elevation of ribs

26
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A

Actions: Depression of ribs

27
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A

Allows lung sounds to be heard clearly because no muscle intervenes between skin and rib cage

28
Q

Lumbar triangle of petit

A

Site for hernias of retroperitoneal contents through posterior abdominal wall

29
Q

Deep back muscles

A

Maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column, deep to the investing fascia of cervical regions (nuchal fascia/ligaments)

30
Q

Spinotransverse Muscles

A 
Splenius capitals (skull)  and cervicus (neck), looks like bandage
Actions: lateral flexion of neck and rotation of head
31
Q

Erector spinae

A 
Erect the spine.  Originates in common muscle mass near the hipbone.  
3 columns, 
Iliocostalis- Most lateral
Longissimus- Intermediate (very long)
Spinalis- Most medial
(I LIKE SPAGHETTI)
Actions: Unilateral lateral flexion
Bilateral yields extension
32
Q

Transverso-spinal

A

Start at transverse process and angle in towards spinous processes
Semispinalis- Spans 4-6 vertebrae before inserting distally
Multifidus- Spans 2-4 vertebrae before inserting distally
Rotators- Span 1-2 vertebrae before inserting distally

33
Q

Semispinalis

A

Semispinalis capitus- attaches to skull
Semispinalis cervicus- Attaches to the neck
Actions: Extension of vertebral column and head

34
Q

Greater occipital nerves

A

Pierce through semispinalis capitus and supply sensory information to back of head

35
Q

Multifidus

A

Spans 2-4 vertebrae, thickest in lumbar region (strained lower back)
Actions: stabilize vertebrae

36
Q

Rotators

A

1-2 vertebrae, deepest and on vertebrae. Best in thoracic region
Actions: help rotate column

37
Q

Intrinsic deep back muscles

A

Innervated by dorsal (posterior) rami of spinal nerves

38
Q

Extrinsic deep back muscles

A

Innervated by ventral (anterior) rami of spinal nerves (EXCEPT Trapezius CN XI)

39
Q

Suboccipital Triangle

A

Vertebral artery runs through and supplies brain with blood. Lies deep to trapezius and semispinalis capitus,
Boundaries: rectus capitus posterior major, obliquus capitus superior and inferior
Floor of triangle: arch of C1 vertebra and posterior atlanto-opccipital membrane

CADE (5 decks)

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