Intro To Cells Flashcards
Cell theory states that…
- All organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2. All essential functions of life occur within cells.
- All cans come from other, preexisting cells
Features common to all cells
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA
The 6 kingdoms of life
Eubacteria, archaea, Protista,plantae, fungi, and animalia
What are simple, single-celled organisms ( bacteria and archaea)
Prokaryotes
They have circular DNA that is not found within a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
Have no specialized organelle surrounded by membranes
Prokaryotic cells
If the cell dies, the whole organism dies
Prokaryotic cells
Larger cells and organisms are often multicellular ( animals, plants, fungi )
Eukaryotic cells
Linear DNA is located in a membrane- bound nucleus
Eukaryotic cells
Multiple specialize organelles surrounded by membranes
Eukaryotic cells
In multicellular organisms, cells may have specialized functions
Eukaryotic cells
Cell was made with cellulose is in…
Eukaryotic cell-plants
What does cellulose do in eukaryotic plant cells?
Adds structure and support
What does the central vacuole do in eukaryotic plant cells?
Stores water and some chemicals
What does chloroplasts do in eukaryotic planters?
Contain enzymes and pigments for photosynthesis
Function of nucleus and ribosomes
Genetic control of the cell (storing information and translating proteins)
Function of er, Golgi, peroxisomes, lysosomes, vacuoles
Manufacture, distribution, and breakdown of molecules
Function of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Energy processing
Function of cytoskeleton, cell membrane, plant cell wall
Structure, movement, and communication between cells
Central organelle containing the genetic info (DNA) that directs all of the cells activities
Nucleus
3 major activities that occur in the nucleus
- Replication of DNA during cell division
- Transcription of genes into messenger RNA (mRNA)
- Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the nucleus
What is the nuclear envelope
A double membrane in which each membrane is composed of a phospholipid belayer and associated proteins
Controls the movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Perforation lined with proteins that help regulate the movement of large molecules
Nuclear pores
When the cell isn’t dividing, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a diffuse mass of threadlike Strands called…
Chromatin
Chromatin is condensed into highly organized, Super coiled structures called…
Chromosomes
Using instructions in the DNA, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized in the…
Nucleus
In prokaryotes, ribosomes are made in the…
Cytoplasm
