Biomolecules Flashcards
Dehydration synthesis
All organic molecules are built in the same way: by linking monomers in a reaction that removes a molecule of water
Hydrolysis
The opposite reaction of dehydration synthesis, uses a molecule of water to disrupt a bond between adjacent monomers
The 7 categories of Proline functions
Enzyme catalysis, defense,transport, support, Motion, regulation and storage
Enzymes
Proteins with 3D shape that fits “snugly” aroundthe chemicals they work on, facilitating chemical reactions by stressing particular chem bonds
Defense
Some proteins use their shape to “recognize” foreign microbes and cancer cells. Forms the core of body’s hormone and immune system
Transport
A variety of proteins transport specific small molecules and ions
Support
Protein fibers play structural roles
Motion
Muscles contract through the sliding motion of actin an myosin and protein filaments
Regulation
Hormones serve as intercellular messengers in animals. Proteins receive information acting as cell surface receptors
Storage
Calcium and iron are stored by binding as ions to specific storage proteins
Antibody
Proteins that combine with foreign substance, preventing them from destroying cells
The basic structure of an amino acid
Grouped by their chemical characteristics, determined by the r group found in each
Peptide bonds
Links amino acids together, and are covalent bonds formed t through a dehydration reaction
What is the primary structure of a protein
Proteins must fold into the correct 3 dimensional structure. The sequence of amino acids In a polypeptide is called the primary structure of the protein
Describe the secondary structure of a protein
Hydrogen bonds lead to secondary structures known as b-pleated sheets and a-helix
Describe the tertiary structure of a protein?
The tertiary structure results from interactions between different r-groups, causing the protein to form a 3 dimensional shape
The 3 major structural components of a nucleotide
Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
How are nuclei acid polymers formed? What are these bonds called?
Nucleotides link together by forming a bond between the sugar of one nucleotide and phosphate group of the next. Chains of nucleotides make up the long strands of DNA or RNA
