INTRO TO CC Flashcards
a branch of laboratory medicine that is concerned with
the quantitative measurement of analytes in body fluids to
facilitate the diagnosis of diseases.
clinical chemistry
Examples of analytes
Proteins, Enzymes, Metabolites, Drugs, Ions, salts and
minerals
It links the knowledge of general chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry with an understanding of human
physiology
clinical chemistry as a science
clinical laboratories are businesses, which operate under the regulations and practices that guide commerce in the United States.
clinical chemistry as an industry
it produces objective evidence from which medical decisions may be made
clinical chemistry as a service
Examples of core test
- glucose
- renal function test
- liver/hepatic function panel
- lipid profile
- enzyme
- electrolytes
present in plasma but absent in serum
fibrinogen
fibrinogen also known as
factor 1
increase or signal if there is a damage in the organ of the body
enzyme
Example of renal function test
Blood urea nitrogen
Blood Urea acid
Creatinine
4 fundamental biomolecules
lipid, protein, glucose, nucleic acids
Example of enzyme
lipase
amylase
creatinine kinase
Examples of special test
- hormones
-specific protein - trace elements
- vitamins
- drug
- lipoprotein
example of hormone test
TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
FT3 - free triiodothyronine
Thyronine
Example of ovarian hormone
- estrogen
- estradiol
- testosterone
- progesterone -
example of metabollic hormone
cortisol
common submitted sample
blood
second most common sample
urine
method of collection for CSF
lumbar puncture and spinal tap
CSF is intended for
diagnosis of meningitis and neurological diseases
pleural fluid collected via
thoracentesis
pericardial fluid collected via
pericardiocentesis
peritoneal fluid collected via
paracentesis
amniotic fluid collected via
amniocentesis
Synovial fluid collected via
arthrocentesis
consequences of repeated specimen rejection
- repeated specimen collection
- delay in the analysis and reporting of result
- delay in the treatment of the patient
comparing prev result for present result
delta checking
simple laboratory examinations and procedures that are cleared
by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for home use
waive test
example of Liver/Hepatic function panel test
− Bilirubin (B1 & B2),
− Albumin,
− Total protein,
− Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP),
− Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST),
− Alkaline Transaminase (ALT)
example of Lipid profile test
− Total cholesterol,
− Triglyceride,
− HDL,
− LDL
example of electrolytes
sodium, potassium, chloride
Use for evaluating kidney functions and test that
look at waste products excreted by kidney
urine
specimen used for For chemistry testing
24 hour urine
is clear and colourless fluid surrounding brain and
spinal cord
CSF
1ST TUBE:
clinical chemistry
2ND TUBE:
microbiology
3RD TUBE:
hematology
4TH TUBE:
Specialized Section Histopathology,
Immunology Serology
Fluids Typically Used for Clinical Chemistry Tests
- Blood (whole blood, serum, or plasma)
- Urine
- Fluid (CSF)
- Amniotic Fluid
- Saliva
- Synovial Fluid (fluid that is found in joint cavities)
- Pleural Fluid (from the sac surrounding the lungs
- Pericardial Fluid (from the sac surrounding the heart)
- Peritoneal Fluid (also known as ascitic fluid from the abdomen)
specimen request form must include
− Name
− Age
− Date
− Time
− Test
− Sex
− Physician
− Diagnosis
SPECIMEN REJECTION CRITERIA
Incorrect collection tube
Underfilled/overfilled collection tube
Hemolyzed sample
Must have at least 2 identifiers
Unlabeled, improperly labeled, mismatched
specimen, Insufficient quantity
moderately and highly complex tests as defined by the
requirements for operator skill, reagent preparation, and automation and the
difficulty of interpretation of results.
nonwaived test
