Intro to cardiorespiratory system

Question 1

What seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

Diaphragm

Question 2

What are the contents of the thorax? (4)

Answer 2

Heart
Lungs
Trachea- windpipe from neck to thorax
Oesophagus- carry food and fluid stomach
Lymphatic vessels

Question 3

Functions of thoracic cage?

Answer 3

● Protects the thoracic viscera
● Provides attachment for breathing and upper limb muscles
● Composed of sternum, 12 pairs of ribs and thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

Which parts make up sternum?

Answer 4

● Manubrium – the superior part- has suprasternal notch, articulates with clavicle at sternoclavicular joint
● Body – inferior to the manubrium-both connect at manubriosternal joint (sternal/angle of Louis)
● Xiphoid process (or xiphisternum) – inferior to the body.

Question 5

How many pairs of ribs?

Answer 5

12

Question 6

What cartilage are anterior parts of ribs?

Answer 6

Costal cartilage- springy

Question 7

What joints are involved in ribs?

Answer 7

Upper ribs with sternum at costochondral joints
Articulate posteriorly thoracic vertebrae at costovertebral joints

Question 8

What muscles involved in ribs?

Answer 8

Intercostal muscles in intercostal space
Between ribs and move thorax (breathing)

Question 9

How many thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 9

12- posteriorly in midline of thoracic cage
Articulate at intervertebral joints and with ribs at costovertebral joints

Question 9

How many thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 9

12- posteriorly in midline of thoracic cage
Articulate at intervertebral joints and with ribs at costovertebral joints

Question 10

What control is the heart under?

Answer 10

Autonomic
Sympathetic increases
Parasympathetic decreases

Question 11

Name for heart muscle?

Answer 11

Myocardium

Question 12

4 chambers of heart?

Answer 12

L and R atria
L and R ventricles

Question 13

Why are ventricle walls thick?

Answer 13

Pumping at high pressure

Question 14

What are 2 valves?

Answer 14

● Atrioventricular valves- between atria and ventricles
Tricuspid valve- R
Mitral valve- L
● Semilunar valves- between ventricles and blood vessels
Carry blood from them (the
Pulmonary valve at entrance of pulmonary trunk
Aortic valve at the entrance to aorta

Question 15

What supplies the myocardium with blood?

Answer 15

Coronary arteries

Question 16

Label

Answer 16

Question 17

In cardiopulmonary circulation what do arteries carry?

Answer 17

Deoxygenated blood

Question 18

In cardiopulmonary circulation what do veins carry?
(Opposite systemic)

Answer 18

Oxygenated blood
(Opposite systemic)

Question 18

In cardiopulmonary circulation what do veins carry?
(Opposite systemic)

Answer 18

Oxygenated blood
(Opposite systemic)

Question 19

Describe cardiopulmonary circulation

Answer 19

● R atrium receives deoxygenated blood from body via superior and inferior vena cava
● From R atrium, blood flows to R ventricle
● R ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary arteries
● Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.
● Oxygenated blood from lungs return to L atrium via pulmonary veins
● From L atrium blood flows into L ventricle.
● L ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to body via aorta.

Question 20

Arteries and veins transport of blood?

Answer 20

Arteries- blood away
Veins– towards

Question 21

How many alveoli in a lung?

Answer 21

300 million

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 23

2 lobes- upper and lower

Question 24

What seperates lobes on the lung?

Answer 24

Fissures

Question 25

Features on each lungs?

Answer 25

● One pulmonary artery (carry deoxygenated blood into lung from right ventricle)
● Two pulmonary veins (carry oxygenated blood from lung into left atrium)
● One main bronchus (carry air between lung and trachea)

Question 26

Describe bronchial tree

Answer 26

Trachea bifurcates into L and R main bronchi Enter the L and R lungs respectively
Bronchus divides into smaller bronchi
Bronchi divide into bronchioles
Each division bronchioles become smaller Smallest conduct air to and from alveoli

Question 27

Where is the site of gas exchange within the lung?

Answer 27

Alveoli

Question 28

What do walls of trachea and bronchi contain?

Answer 28

Smooth muscle and cartilage (scaffold so remain open)

Question 29

What does the trachea and bronchi have that bronchioles don’t?

Answer 29

Cartilage
Just smooth muscle allow contraction and relaxation - autonomic control
● Parasympathetic stimulation narrows bronchioles = bronchoconstriction
● Sympathetic stimulation opens bronchioles = bronchodilation

Question 30

Where is the sternal angle/angle of louis located?

Answer 30

Second intercostal space