Intro to cardiorespiratory system Flashcards
What seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
What are the contents of the thorax? (4)
Heart
Lungs
Trachea- windpipe from neck to thorax
Oesophagus- carry food and fluid stomach
Lymphatic vessels
Functions of thoracic cage?
● Protects the thoracic viscera
● Provides attachment for breathing and upper limb muscles
● Composed of sternum, 12 pairs of ribs and thoracic vertebrae
Which parts make up sternum?
● Manubrium – the superior part- has suprasternal notch, articulates with clavicle at sternoclavicular joint
● Body – inferior to the manubrium-both connect at manubriosternal joint (sternal/angle of Louis)
● Xiphoid process (or xiphisternum) – inferior to the body.
How many pairs of ribs?
12
What cartilage are anterior parts of ribs?
Costal cartilage- springy
What joints are involved in ribs?
Upper ribs with sternum at costochondral joints
Articulate posteriorly thoracic vertebrae at costovertebral joints
What muscles involved in ribs?
Intercostal muscles in intercostal space
Between ribs and move thorax (breathing)
How many thoracic vertebrae?
12- posteriorly in midline of thoracic cage
Articulate at intervertebral joints and with ribs at costovertebral joints
How many thoracic vertebrae?
12- posteriorly in midline of thoracic cage
Articulate at intervertebral joints and with ribs at costovertebral joints
What control is the heart under?
Autonomic
Sympathetic increases
Parasympathetic decreases
Name for heart muscle?
Myocardium
4 chambers of heart?
L and R atria
L and R ventricles
Why are ventricle walls thick?
Pumping at high pressure
What are 2 valves?
● Atrioventricular valves- between atria and ventricles
Tricuspid valve- R
Mitral valve- L
● Semilunar valves- between ventricles and blood vessels
Carry blood from them (the
Pulmonary valve at entrance of pulmonary trunk
Aortic valve at the entrance to aorta
What supplies the myocardium with blood?
Coronary arteries
Label
In cardiopulmonary circulation what do arteries carry?
Deoxygenated blood
In cardiopulmonary circulation what do veins carry?
(Opposite systemic)
Oxygenated blood
(Opposite systemic)
In cardiopulmonary circulation what do veins carry?
(Opposite systemic)
Oxygenated blood
(Opposite systemic)
Describe cardiopulmonary circulation
● R atrium receives deoxygenated blood from body via superior and inferior vena cava
● From R atrium, blood flows to R ventricle
● R ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary arteries
● Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.
● Oxygenated blood from lungs return to L atrium via pulmonary veins
● From L atrium blood flows into L ventricle.
● L ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to body via aorta.
Arteries and veins transport of blood?
Arteries- blood away
Veins– towards
How many alveoli in a lung?
300 million
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2 lobes- upper and lower
What seperates lobes on the lung?
Fissures
Features on each lungs?
● One pulmonary artery (carry deoxygenated blood into lung from right ventricle)
● Two pulmonary veins (carry oxygenated blood from lung into left atrium)
● One main bronchus (carry air between lung and trachea)
Describe bronchial tree
Trachea bifurcates into L and R main bronchi Enter the L and R lungs respectively
Bronchus divides into smaller bronchi
Bronchi divide into bronchioles
Each division bronchioles become smaller Smallest conduct air to and from alveoli
Where is the site of gas exchange within the lung?
Alveoli
What do walls of trachea and bronchi contain?
Smooth muscle and cartilage (scaffold so remain open)
What does the trachea and bronchi have that bronchioles don’t?
Cartilage
Just smooth muscle allow contraction and relaxation - autonomic control
● Parasympathetic stimulation narrows bronchioles = bronchoconstriction
● Sympathetic stimulation opens bronchioles = bronchodilation
Where is the sternal angle/angle of louis located?
Second intercostal space
