intro to carbohydrate metabolism Flashcards
what type of enzyme is glucoamylase?
exoglycosidase
amylopectin and glycogen
what type of enzyme is maltase?
dissacharidase which cleaves dissaccharides and some larger substrates
What is the target glycosidic bond for isomaltase?
glu-alpha 1,6-glu
where is sucrose broken down and why?
in the small intestine NOT the mouth b/c it is already small enough ( a dissaccharide) and doesn’t need to be broken down in the mouth like starch.
does muscle put glucose out into the blood why or why not?
NO b/c it doesn’t have the final enzyme to breakdown glucose -6- phosphate to glucose therefore it just uses glucose stores for itself when needed.
why can’t we digest cellulose ( main component of fiber)?
b/c we don’t have the enzyme to cleave the glucose to glucose beta 1,4 linkage.
what structure is this?
maltose
what structure is this?
lactose
What structure is this?
Beta- D- fructose
what type of enzyme is isomaltase?
dissaccharidase which cleaves dissaccharides and some larger substrates
what structure is this?
maltriose
What is this structure?
sucrose
what structure is this?
cellulose
what structure is this?
amylose
what structure is this?
alpha-d - galactose
what structure is this?
alpha- dextrins ( oligosacchrides with alpha-1,6 branches)
In general how can you recognize a D sugar?
the primary carbon will have the OH group facing down
how can you tell a an alpha configuration from a beta configuration?
in an alpha configuration the CH2OH at the 5th carbon will be in opposite direction as the primary OH group,
In beta configuration the CH2OH at the 5th carbon will be in same direction as the primary OH group,
sucrose is a ________________ sugar. ( fill- in the blank and Explain why)
non-reducing sugar
because the OH’s of the 2 anomeric carbons are not free
What is the target glycosidic bond for glucoamylase?
glu-alpha 1,4-glu
what structure is this?
isomaltose
what type of enzyme is alpha-amylase?
endoglucosidase
what structure is this?
alpha-d - glucose
What is the target glycosidic bond for alpha amylase?
glu-alpha1,4-glu
What is the target glycosidic bond for sucrase?
glu-alpha1, 2-fru
what is the pentose pathway used for?
to make NADPH
what type of enzyme is sucrase?
dissaccharidase
what type of enzyme is lactase?
dissaccharidase
What is the target glycosidic bond for lactase?
gal-beta 1,4-glu
What is the target glycosidic bond for maltase?
glu- alpha 1,4-glu
what is the anomeric carbon for aldoses?
C1
what is the anomeric carbon for ketoses?
C2
