Intro To Body Flashcards
What is the definition of anatomy?
Study of body structure, gross or microscopic
What is the study of body function and organs
Physiology
What is an objective physical indication of disease?
Signs
What is a subjective indication of disease or a change in condition?
Symptoms
Nausea is an example of
Symptoms
Heart rate is an example of
Signs
What is the first characteristic of life?
Maintenance of boundaries
Describe the maintenance of boundaries
Living organism has to keep internal environment distinct from external environments
What is the 2nd characteristic of life?
Responsiveness
Describe the characteristic responsiveness
The ability to respond to physical and chemical changes in the internal and external environment
What is the 3rd characteristic of life?
Growth and differentiation
Describe the characteristics of growth
Growth is the ability to increase in body size WITHOUT IMPORTANT CHANGES IN BODY SHAPE
Describe the characteristics of differentiation
The process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function
What is the 4th characteristic of life
Metabolism and Excretion
Describe the characteristics of metabolism
The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in the cells (catabolism and anabolism)
Describe excretion
The removal of waste products from the body
What is the 5th characteristic of life?
Movement
Describe the characteristics of movement
Movement includes the moving body as a whole from one location to another, moving body parts and moving materials around in the body
What is the 6th characteristic of life?
Reproduction
Describe the characteristic reproduction
Reproduction occurs in 2 levels cellular reproduction and organismic reproduction
What is cellular reproduction
In which the original cell divides into 2 daughter cells
What is organismic reproduction
It results in a new human organism, eggs and sperms
What is the 1st organizational level?
Chemical
Describe the chemical organizational level
It includes atoms and molecules, ionic and covalent bonds
What is the 2nd organizational level
Cellular
Describe the cellular organizational level
Cellular- cells are the smaller living units of the body
What is the 3rd organizational level?
Tissues are groups of similar cells organized to perform a common function
What are the types of tissues
Epithelial, connective, muscles, nervous
What is the 4th organizational level
Organs
Describe the organ organizational level
Organs are a complex group of tissues organized to perform a specific function
What is the 5th organizational level?
Organ system
Describe the organ system level
It’s groups of organs that work closely together to perform a common purpose, 2 or more muscles/tissues
Ex: the heart has tissues and muscles
Describe the organism level
It’s the most complex level of organization, an individual living thing
Ex: humans animals
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment includes dynamic equilibrium
What is dynamic equilibrium
Helps maintain balance within homeostasis
What are the 2 general mechanisms in homeostasis
Intrinsic regulation and extrinsic regulation
What is intrinsic regulation?
Regulating inside controls and regulation
What is extrinsic regulation?
Regulating outside controls
What are the controls of homeostasis
Receptor, control center, and effector
What is a receptor?
A sensor responds to stimulus to change, sends information to control center through the afferent pathway
What is the 6th organizational level?
Organism
What is the control center of homeostasis?
Determines the tolerable range for the variable, analysis inputs and when necessary induces a response. Efferent pathway
What is the effector of homeostasis?
Receives the output, produces a response and allows the body to change conditions while returning to the normal range
Feedback can either be ?
Positive or negative
Describe negative feedback?
Negative feedback is when the effector activity reverse and REDUCES the original stimulus back to the tolerable range
Most common type
Describe positive feedback
Positive feedback is when the effector activity enhances and intensifies the original stimulus.
What is an example of negative feedback
Thermoregulation
What is an example of positive feedback
Platelet plug- breaks or tears in blood wall
Childbirth- stimulus =pressure, control center= brain, oxytocin =effector, which stimulates contractions and the cervix stretches which allows a baby to be born
What is the homeostatic imbalances?
It contains both disorder and disease
Describe the homeostatic imbalance disorder
Disorder is any disruption of normal function
Can be measured and observed
Objective physical indication
Describe the homeostatic imbalances of disease
Disease is a specific illness or disorder characterized by recognizable set of signs & symptoms
