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Anatomy > Intro To Body > Flashcards

Intro To Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of anatomy?

A

Study of body structure, gross or microscopic

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2
Q

What is the study of body function and organs

A

Physiology

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3
Q

What is an objective physical indication of disease?

A

Signs

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4
Q

What is a subjective indication of disease or a change in condition?

A

Symptoms

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5
Q

Nausea is an example of

A

Symptoms

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6
Q

Heart rate is an example of

A

Signs

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7
Q

What is the first characteristic of life?

A

Maintenance of boundaries

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8
Q

Describe the maintenance of boundaries

A

Living organism has to keep internal environment distinct from external environments

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9
Q

What is the 2nd characteristic of life?

A

Responsiveness

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10
Q

Describe the characteristic responsiveness

A

The ability to respond to physical and chemical changes in the internal and external environment

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11
Q

What is the 3rd characteristic of life?

A

Growth and differentiation

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12
Q

Describe the characteristics of growth

A

Growth is the ability to increase in body size WITHOUT IMPORTANT CHANGES IN BODY SHAPE

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13
Q

Describe the characteristics of differentiation

A

The process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function

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14
Q

What is the 4th characteristic of life

A

Metabolism and Excretion

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15
Q

Describe the characteristics of metabolism

A

The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in the cells (catabolism and anabolism)

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16
Q

Describe excretion

A

The removal of waste products from the body

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17
Q

What is the 5th characteristic of life?

A

Movement

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18
Q

Describe the characteristics of movement

A

Movement includes the moving body as a whole from one location to another, moving body parts and moving materials around in the body

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19
Q

What is the 6th characteristic of life?

A

Reproduction

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20
Q

Describe the characteristic reproduction

A

Reproduction occurs in 2 levels cellular reproduction and organismic reproduction

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21
Q

What is cellular reproduction

A

In which the original cell divides into 2 daughter cells

22
Q

What is organismic reproduction

A

It results in a new human organism, eggs and sperms

23
Q

What is the 1st organizational level?

A

Chemical

24
Q

Describe the chemical organizational level

A

It includes atoms and molecules, ionic and covalent bonds

25
Q

What is the 2nd organizational level

A

Cellular

26
Q

Describe the cellular organizational level

A

Cellular- cells are the smaller living units of the body

27
Q

What is the 3rd organizational level?

A

Tissues are groups of similar cells organized to perform a common function

28
Q

What are the types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscles, nervous

29
Q

What is the 4th organizational level

A

Organs

30
Q

Describe the organ organizational level

A

Organs are a complex group of tissues organized to perform a specific function

31
Q

What is the 5th organizational level?

A

Organ system

32
Q

Describe the organ system level

A

It’s groups of organs that work closely together to perform a common purpose, 2 or more muscles/tissues

Ex: the heart has tissues and muscles

33
Q

Describe the organism level

A

It’s the most complex level of organization, an individual living thing

Ex: humans animals

34
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment includes dynamic equilibrium

35
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium

A

Helps maintain balance within homeostasis

36
Q

What are the 2 general mechanisms in homeostasis

A

Intrinsic regulation and extrinsic regulation

37
Q

What is intrinsic regulation?

A

Regulating inside controls and regulation

38
Q

What is extrinsic regulation?

A

Regulating outside controls

39
Q

What are the controls of homeostasis

A

Receptor, control center, and effector

40
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A sensor responds to stimulus to change, sends information to control center through the afferent pathway

41
Q

What is the 6th organizational level?

A

Organism

42
Q

What is the control center of homeostasis?

A

Determines the tolerable range for the variable, analysis inputs and when necessary induces a response. Efferent pathway

43
Q

What is the effector of homeostasis?

A

Receives the output, produces a response and allows the body to change conditions while returning to the normal range

44
Q

Feedback can either be ?

A

Positive or negative

45
Q

Describe negative feedback?

A

Negative feedback is when the effector activity reverse and REDUCES the original stimulus back to the tolerable range

Most common type

46
Q

Describe positive feedback

A

Positive feedback is when the effector activity enhances and intensifies the original stimulus.

47
Q

What is an example of negative feedback

A

Thermoregulation

48
Q

What is an example of positive feedback

A

Platelet plug- breaks or tears in blood wall
Childbirth- stimulus =pressure, control center= brain, oxytocin =effector, which stimulates contractions and the cervix stretches which allows a baby to be born

49
Q

What is the homeostatic imbalances?

A

It contains both disorder and disease

50
Q

Describe the homeostatic imbalance disorder

A

Disorder is any disruption of normal function
Can be measured and observed
Objective physical indication

51
Q

Describe the homeostatic imbalances of disease

A

Disease is a specific illness or disorder characterized by recognizable set of signs & symptoms

Anatomy (4 decks)

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